Federal districts of Russia explained

The federal districts (Russian: федеральные округа|p=fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨjɪ ɐkrʊˈɡa) are groupings of the federal subjects of Russia. Federal districts are not mentioned in the nation's constitution, do not have competences of their own, and do not manage regional affairs. They exist solely to monitor consistency between the federal and regional bodies of law, and ensure governmental control over the civil service, judiciary, and federal agencies operating in the regions.^[1] The federal district system was established on 13 May 2000.

List of federal districts

Federal district^[2] ^[3]		Date established	Area^[4] (km^2)	2021 census		HDI (2021)^[5]	GRDP (2022)		Federal subjects	Administrative centre	Map
				data-sort-type="number"	Population		per km^2	Total				Per capita
	Southern	13 May 2000	427,800	16,746,000	39	0.799	₽9.816 trillion ($ billion)	₽588,461 ($)	8	Rostov-on-Don
	North Caucasian	19 January 2010	170,400	10,171,000	60	0.793	₽3.111 trillion ($ billion)	₽305,334 ($)	7	Pyatigorsk
	Central	13 May 2000	650,200	40,342,000	62	0.845	₽47.368 trillion ($ billion)	₽1,176,273 ($)	18
	Northwestern	13 May 2000	1,687,000	13,917,000	8	0.833	₽18.929 trillion ($ billion)	₽1,362,907 ($)	11	Saint Petersburg
	Volga	13 May 2000	1,037,000	28,943,000	28	0.804	₽19.664 trillion ($ billion)	₽683,355 ($)	14	Nizhny Novgorod
	Ural	13 May 2000	1,818,500	12,301,000	7	0.839	₽20.073 trillion ($ billion)	₽1,635,678 ($)	6	Yekaterinburg
	Siberian	13 May 2000	4,361,800	16,793,000	4	0.794	₽13.054 trillion ($ billion)	₽781,580 ($)	10	Novosibirsk
	Far Eastern	13 May 2000	6,952,600	7,976,000	1	0.808	₽8.656 trillion ($ billion)	₽1,090,778 ($)	11	Vladivostok

Source:^[6]

History

The federal districts of Russia were established by a decree issued by President Vladimir Putin on 13 May 2000 to facilitate the federal government's control of the then 89 federal subjects across the country.^{[7] [8]}

On 19 January 2010, the new North Caucasian Federal District split from the Southern Federal District.^[6]

In March 2014, after the annexation of Crimea, the Crimean Federal District was established.^[9] The legality of this annexation is disputed by an overwhelming majority of countries.^[10] On 28 July 2016 the Crimean Federal District was abolished and merged into the Southern Federal District in order to improve governance.^[11]

In November 2018, Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai were moved from the Siberian Federal District to the Far Eastern Federal District in accordance with a decree issued by Putin.^[12] The Administrative Centre of the Far Eastern Federal District relocated from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok in December 2018.^[13]

Presidential plenipotentiary envoys

• Central Federal District
  • Igor Shchyogolev (since 26 June 2018)^[14]
• Southern Federal District
  • Vladimir Ustinov (since 12 May 2008)
• Northwestern Federal District
  • Aleksandr Gutsan (since 7 November 2018)^[15]
• Far Eastern Federal District
  • Yury Trutnev (since 31 August 2013)^[16]
• Siberian Federal District
  • Anatoly Seryshev (since 12 October 2021)^[17]
• Ural Federal District
  • Vladimir Yakushev (since 9 November 2020)
• Volga Federal District
  • Igor Komarov (since 7 September 2018)
• North Caucasian Federal District
  • Yury Chaika (since 22 January 2020)^[14]

See also

• Economic regions of Russia, a similar grouping of federal subjects, for economic and statistical purposes
• List of countries and dependencies by area
• Military districts of Russia, a similar grouping of federal subjects, for military purposes
• Zonal Councils of India, similar entities

External links

• Wilson Center article on Russia's federal districts

Notes and References

1. Russell. Martin . Russia's constitutional structure. . European Parliament. October 2015. 3 November 2021. 978-92-823-8022-2 . 10.2861/664907.
2. Web site: Russia: Federal Districts and Major Cities. City Population. 18 April 2019.
3. Web site: Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab. hdi.globaldatalab.org. 2021-07-20.
4. Web site: 1.1. ОСНОВНЫЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ в 2014 г. . ru . Main Socioeconomic Indicators 2014 . Regions of Russia. Socioeconomic indicators – 2015 . . 26 July 2016.
5. Web site: Subnational Human Development Index (SD-201) (Russian Federation) . . Global Data Lab . 18 April 2019.
6. Президент Российской Федерации. Указ. 849. 13 мая 2000 г.. О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе. 13 мая 2000 г. "Собрание законодательства РФ", No.20, ст. 2112. 15 мая 2000 г. Указа. 19 января 2010 г. President of the Russian Federation. Decree. 849. May 13, 2000. On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. May 13, 2000. Decree. January 19, 2010.
7. News: Putin decree creates seven federal districts . Monitor . 6 . 95 . Washington . . 15 May 2000 . 26 June 2024.
8. Petrov . Nikolai . Seven Faces of Putin's Russia: Federal Districts as the New Level of State–Territorial Composition. 26298005. SAGE Publishing. . 33 . 1. March 2002. 73–91 . 10.1177/0967010602033001006 . 153455573.
9. News: В России создан Крымский федеральный округ. RBC. March 21, 2014. March 21, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140322220946/http://top.rbc.ru/politics/21/03/2014/912755.shtml. March 22, 2014. dead.
10. News: NATO Secretary-General: Russia's Annexation of Crimea Is Illegal and Illegitimate. March 19, 2014. September 29, 2014. Brookings.
11. News: Крымский федеральный округ включен в состав Южного федерального округа. 28 July 2016. Interfax. ru. 28 July 2016.
12. Web site: Официальныйi интернет-портал правовой информации. publication.pravo.gov.ru. 2018-11-04. February 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220205162518/http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201811040002?index=0&rangeSize=1. dead.
13. Web site: Путин перенес столицу Дальневосточного федерального округа во Владивосток.
14. Web site: Игорь Холманских уволен с поста полпреда президента в Уральском федеральном округе. 26 June 2018. Meduza. ru. 27 June 2018.
15. Web site: Putin asks Federation Council to relieve Gutsan of office as deputy prosecutor general (Part 2) – Interfax. www.interfax.com. 2019-04-10. April 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410221731/http://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp%3Fid%3D868482. dead.
16. News: http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2013/08/31_a_5617873.shtml. ru:Дальнему Востоку подобрали нового управленца. Ульянова. Жанна. Яна Милюкова. August 31, 2013. Gazeta.ru. ru. 21 April 2014.
17. News: Путин назначил Серышева полпредом в Сибирском Федеральном округе. ru. Putin appointed Seryshev Plenipotentiary in the Siberian Federal District. 2021-10-12. Izvestiya.