2022 Italian government crisis explained

2022 Italian government crisis
Location:Italy
Type:Parliamentary crisis
Cause:Withdrawal of M5S's support to Mario Draghi's government
Participants:M5S, Lega, PD, FI, IpF, FdI, IV, LeU, Aut, Mixed Group
Outcome:

The 2022 Italian government crisis was a political event in Italy that began on 14 July.[1] [2] [3] It includes the events that followed the announcement of Giuseppe Conte, leader of the Five Star Movement (M5S) and former Prime Minister of Italy, that the M5S would withdraw its support to the national unity government of Mario Draghi over a bill regarding an economic stimulus to combat the ongoing energy and economic crisis.[4] The government fell a week later when the M5S, Lega, and Forza Italia deliberately refused to take part in a vote of confidence in the Government.[5]

On 14 July, despite having largely won the confidence vote, Prime Minister Draghi offered his resignation, which was rejected by President Sergio Mattarella.[6] [7] [8] On 21 July, Draghi resigned again after a new confidence vote in the Senate failed to pass with an absolute majority, following the defections of M5S, Lega, and Forza Italia;[9] [10] [11] President Mattarella accepted Draghi's resignation and called a snap election[12] for 25 September 2022.[13]

Background

See also: 2018 Italian general election, 2019 Italian government crisis and 2021 Italian government crisis. The 2018 general election produced a hung parliament. From June 2018 until January 2021, the then-independent politician Giuseppe Conte served as prime minister in two different cabinets, one supported by a right-wing coalition (Conte I Cabinet) and another supported by a centre-left coalition (Conte II Cabinet).[14] [15] In January 2021, Matteo Renzi, leader of Italia Viva (IV), withdrew the support to Conte's cabinet, causing the fall of the government. After consultations, President Sergio Mattarella appointed Mario Draghi, a banker and former president of the European Central Bank, to lead a national unity government composed by M5S, League, Democratic Party (PD), Forza Italia (FI), IV, and Article One (Art.1).[16]

During 2022, rumours arose around a possible withdrawal of M5S's support to the national unity government, and allegations were spread that Draghi had privately criticised Conte and asked M5S founder Beppe Grillo to replace him.[17] [18] Conte often criticised the Government's economic policies, especially its attempts to alter the citizens' income (a guaranteed minimum income for Italian citizens living below the poverty line) and the superbonus 110% scheme (a building tax credit of up to 110%), which were both introduced by Conte's governments.[19] [20] Moreover, tensions regarding military aid to Ukraine following the 2022 Russian invasion, had caused a split within the M5S, with foreign minister Luigi Di Maio leaving the movement in June 2022 and his own political party, Together for the Future (IpF), in opposition to Conte's criticism of weapons deliveries to Ukraine.[21] [22] On 12 July, Draghi stated he would resign if the M5S withdrew its support to the government.[23]

Political crisis

During a press conference on 13 July 2022, Conte announced that the M5S would abstain during the vote on converting into law the decreto aiuti (English: Decree on Economic Aid, or, more simply, Aid Decree), which the Government had declared to be a confidence vote. The Decree introduced a €23 billion stimulus to fight the economic and energy crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war,[24] which Conte deemed "not enough to tackle the cost of living crisis".[25] [26] The Decree also included a provision authorizing the construction of a waste-to-energy plant in Rome, which Conte and the M5S opposed, deeming it dangerous for the environment.[27]

On 14 July, the decree was approved by the Senate of the Republic with 172 votes in favor, far above the majority threshold;[28] the M5S left the Senate floor during the voting process. Despite not officially withdrawing the support to the government, this move was widely considered as a clear opposition to the government's policies, and de facto opened a political crisis within the Draghi Cabinet.[29]

House of ParliamentVotePartiesVotes
Senate of the Republic
 Yes Lega–PSd'Az (55), FI–UdC (43), PD (32), Mixed Group–Ind. (16), IV–PSI (12), IpF (10), Aut (4)
No FdI (21), UpC (11), Mixed Group–Ind. (7)
Absentees M5S (46), Mixed Group–Ind. (14), UpC (2), Lega–PSd'Az (2)

Following the M5S's abstention, Draghi consulted with President Mattarella about the crisis.[30] After a few hours, Draghi resigned as prime minister; the resignation was promptly rejected by President Mattarella.[31] [32] In an official statement released by the presidential office, Mattarella called on Draghi to seek a debate and a vote in the Italian Parliament to better understand the positions of the several political parties before finalizing any decision.[33] On 14 July, Lega claimed it supported the immediate calling of a snap election,[34] while the PD pledged to do whatever it could to prevent a government collapse.[35] On 16 July, 11 mayors wrote an open letter to Draghi asking him to revoke his resignation and remain as Prime Minister;[36] by 19 July, almost two thousand mayors had attached their signature.[37]

Vote of confidence in Draghi's government

On 20 July, Draghi addressed the Senate, reiterating his support for the European Union, NATO, and Ukraine, and saying it was fully necessary to bring to term the economic and justice reforms his government started. He also stated he was fully committed to investing more in renewable energy and green-friendly projects, and that he intended to keep the citizens' income, albeit with some changes.[38]

Thereafter, two motions for a resolution were made: one by centrist Senator Pierferdinando Casini, which stated that the Senate supported the Government as presently constituted, and one by senior Lega politician Roberto Calderoli, which called for the creation of a new Government still led by Draghi, but which would not include any member of the M5S.[39]

Draghi, who believed his Government could not continue for long unless he enjoyed large parliamentary support from all sides, declared that he did not intend to govern without M5S' backing, and that he would treat the vote on Casini's motion as a matter of confidence.

During the debate on Casini's proposal, Lega and FI announced that they would leave the floor during the vote,[40] claiming that following M5S' refusal to take part in the confidence vote the previous Thursday the majority was too divided for the cabinet to be efficient going forwards.

M5S also announced its decision to abstain, asserting Draghi had not sufficiently addressed their concerns with the executive's policies.[41] [42] [43] Casini's motion ultimately passed with 95 votes in favor and 38 against, but fell well short of the 161 votes needed for an absolute majority. Calderoli's motion was not put up to a vote.[44]

In the aftermath of the vote, Minister for Regional Affairs Mariastella Gelmini[45] and Minister of Public Administration Renato Brunetta left FI.[46]

House of ParliamentVotePartiesVotes
Senate of the Republic
 Yes PD (37), IV–PSI (15), IpF (10), IaC (9), Aut (7), LeU (6), +EU–Action (4), Mixed Group–Ind. (3), FI (2), CI–MAIE (2)
No FdI (20), UpC (10), Italexit (4), Mixed Group–Ind. (3), ManifestA (1)
Present, not votingM5S (57), Lega (1)
AbsenteesLega–PSd'Az (55), FI–UdC (40), Mixed Group–Ind. (5), UpC (2), FdI (1), ManifestA (1)

In the morning of 21 July, Draghi offered again his resignation to President Mattarella, who had no choice but to accept it, since by then it had become clear the government lacked parliamentary support. As per constitutional convention, Draghi was to continue to serve as Prime Minister in an acting capacity until a new government could be formed.[47] In the evening, Mattarella officially dissolved Parliament and called a snap election, scheduling it for 25 September 2022.[48] [49] [50]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Horowitz . Jason . 15 July 2022 . Crisis in Draghi Government Dismays Italians . The New York Times . 21 July 2022 . 0362-4331 . 20 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220720095442/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/15/world/europe/italy-government-crisis-mario-draghi.html . live .
  2. News: 18 July 2022 . The Guardian view on Italy's political crisis: Draghi should stay for now Editorial . 21 July 2022 . The Guardian . 20 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220720151651/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jul/18/the-guardian-view-on-italys-political-crisis-draghi-should-stay-for-now . live .
  3. News: 19 July 2022 . Explained: All that the Italy government crisis threatens to jeopardise . 21 July 2022 . The Indian Express . 19 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220719195658/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-italy-government-crisis-jeopardise-8037429/ . live .
  4. News: 13 July 2022. Italy's government on the brink as 5-Star threatens to boycott confidence vote. The Guardian. 13 July 2022. 13 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220713230914/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/13/italys-government-on-the-brink-as-5-star-threatens-to-boycott-confidence-vote. live.
  5. News: Roberts. Hannah. 22 July 2022. Berlusconi's big lunch: How Italy's right ousted Mario Draghi. Politico Europe. 26 July 2022. 25 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220725220529/https://www.politico.eu/article/berlusconi-big-lunch-mario-draghi-resign-oust-forza-italia-matteo-salvini-election-italy-conte-chaos/. live.
  6. News: Harlan . Chico . Pitrelli . Stefano . Italy in crisis as president rejects premier Draghi's offer to resign . 15 July 2022 . The Washington Post . 14 July 2022 . 14 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220714153809/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/07/14/italy-government-collapse-fivestar/ . live .
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  8. News: 17 July 2022. Four scenarios: What happens next in Italy's government crisis? . 21 July 2022 . The Local Italy . 18 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220718163429/https://www.thelocal.it/20220715/four-scenarios-what-happens-next-in-italys-government-crisis/ . live .
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  11. News: Roberts. Hannah. 20 July 2022. Mario Draghi faces the end after Italy's coalition refuses to back him. Politico Europe. 21 July 2022. 21 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220721003719/https://www.politico.eu/article/latest-mario-draghi-brink-italy-prime-minister-government-collapse-crisis/. live.
  12. News: Amaro. Silvia. Clinch. Matt. 21 July 2022. Italian PM Mario Draghi quits after failing to revive his coalition government. CNBC. 21 July 2022. 21 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220721172259/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/21/italian-pm-mario-draghi-says-he-will-resign-after-failing-to-revive-his-coalition-government.html. live.
  13. News: Borghese. Livia. Braithwaite. Sharon. Fox. Kara. Latza Nadeau. Barbie. Ruotolo. Nicola. 21 July 2022. Italy's president dissolves parliament, triggering snap election following Draghi's resignation. live. 22 July 2022. CNN. https://web.archive.org/web/20220721113352/https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/21/europe/mario-draghi-italy-resignation-intl/index.html. 21 July 2022.
  14. News: Italy: Conte to lead 'government of change' . 7 September 2019 . ANSAMed . 1 June 2018 . 25 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225064450/http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/nations/europe/2018/06/01/italy-conte-to-lead-government-of-change_c823678e-977f-4cc6-be96-6ce9d524e749.html . live .
  15. News: Conte wins crucial support for new Italian govt coalition. The Washington Post. 28 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190828200930/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/conte-wins-crucial-support-for-new-italian-govt-coalition/2019/08/28/a85203c4-c99c-11e9-9615-8f1a32962e04_story.html. 28 August 2019. dead.
  16. News: Mario Draghi sworn in as prime minister of Italy. The Guardian. 13 February 2021. 8 February 2022. 15 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210215105956/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/13/mario-draghi-sworn-in-as-prime-minister-of-italy. live.
  17. News: La giornalista a Draghi: 'È vero che ha chiesto a Grillo la testa di Conte?'. Il premier: 'Ci siamo parlati poco fa, abbiamo cominciato a chiarirci'. live. Il Fatto Quotidiano. it. 29 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220704024712/https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2022/06/29/draghi-se-ho-chiesto-la-testa-di-conte-ci-siamo-parlati-poco-fa-abbiamo-cominciato-a-chiarirci-il-governo-non-rischia/6644343/. 4 July 2022. 22 July 2022.
  18. News: Roberts. Hannah. 30 June 2022. Draghi leaves NATO summit early to deal with domestic woes. live. Politico Europe. https://web.archive.org/web/20220711161043/https://www.politico.eu/article/draghi-leave-nato-summit-early-deal-domestic-woe/. 11 July 2022. 22 July 2022.
  19. News: 'Ci vogliono fuori dal governo'. La furia di Conte contro Draghi . 15 July 2022 . La Repubblica . 4 May 2022 . it . 14 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220714201900/https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2022/05/05/news/conte_m5s_governo_draghi_maggioranza-348147282/ . live .
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  21. News: Di Maio lascia i 5Stelle: 'Bisogna scegliere da che parte stare della storia. Alcuni dirigenti hanno rischiato di indebolire l'Italia' . 15 July 2022 . La Repubblica . 21 June 2022 . it . 14 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220714201733/https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2022/06/21/news/luigi_di_maio_scissione_m5s_giuseppe_conte_grillo-354923869/ . live .
  22. News: Canettieri . Simone . Scissione M5s, il gruppo di Di Maio si chiamerà 'Insieme per il futuro' . 15 July 2022 . Il Foglio . 21 June 2022 . it . 15 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220715011943/https://www.ilfoglio.it/politica/2022/06/21/news/scissione-m5s-l-obiettivo-di-di-maio-e-un-gruppo-con-45-parlamentari-4141853/ . live .
  23. News: Cangemi. Annalisa. Draghi: 'Per me non c'è un governo senza 5 stelle, ma questo governo continua finché riesce a lavorare'. Fanpage.it. 20 July 2021. it. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220714193739/https://www.fanpage.it/politica/draghi-questo-governo-continua-finche-riesce-a-lavorare-ma-per-me-non-ce-governo-senza-il-m5s/. 14 July 2022.
  24. News: M5S non parteciperà al voto in Senato. Conte: 'Lo scenario è cambiato, serve fase differente' . 15 July 2022 . Rai News . 14 July 2022 . it . 14 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220714170107/https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2022/07/m5s-non-parteciper-al-voto-in-senato-conte-lo-scenario--cambiato-serve-fase-differente-7cc39cd1-0485-4f12-aadf-4d0285583a7e.html . live .
  25. News: Ghiglione. Davide. Kirby. Paul. 14 July 2022. Italian PM Mario Draghi offers resignation after coalition falls apart. BBC. 22 July 2022. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220721054408/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62171284. 21 July 2022.
  26. Web site: 15 July 2022. Italian PM Mario Draghi offers to quit but president rejects resignation. 22 July 2022. Nihon Keizai Shinbun. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220720144022/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Italian-PM-Mario-Draghi-offers-to-quit-but-president-rejects-resignation. 20 July 2022.
  27. News: Rizzini . Marianna . Il M5s mette in crisi il governo per l'inceneritore, e la Cgil si accoda . 15 July 2022 . Il Foglio . 14 July 2022 . it . 14 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220714201905/https://www.ilfoglio.it/roma-capoccia/2022/07/14/news/il-m5s-mette-in-crisi-il-governo-per-l-inceneritore-e-la-cgil-si-accoda-4214738/ . live .
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  30. News: Governo: Draghi al Quirinale da Mattarella – Ultima Ora . 15 July 2022 . ANSA . 14 July 2022 . it . 17 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220717051527/https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2022/07/14/governo-draghi-al-quirinale-da-mattarella_6878d2c6-d4f8-48ce-bf78-96194083deeb.html . live .
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  32. News: Crisi governo, la diretta. Mattarella respinge le dimissioni di Draghi. Il premier in Cdm: "La maggioranza non c'è più". Mercoledì riferirà alle Camere . 15 July 2022 . La Repubblica . 14 July 2022 . it . 14 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220714165712/https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2022/07/14/diretta/crisi_governo_draghi_decreto_aiuti_senato_m5s-357751303/?ref=RHTP-BH-I0-P1-S1-T1 . live .
  33. Web site: Il Presidente Mattarella non ha accolto le dimissioni del governo Draghi e ha invitato il Presidente del Consiglio a presentarsi al Parlamento . Quirinale . 15 July 2022 . it . 14 July 2022 . 14 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220714192545/https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/70442 . live .
  34. News: 13 July 2022 . Salvini e Meloni: 'Ora si vada al voto'. E il leghista telefona a Berlusconi . 21 July 2022 . La Repubblica . it . 16 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220716101906/https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2022/07/14/news/salvini_lega_crisi_di_governo-357698771/ . live .
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  47. News: Draghi ha dato le dimissioni. Corriere della Sera. it. 21 July 2022. 21 July 2022. 21 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220721171853/https://www.corriere.it/politica/22_luglio_21/draghi-dimissioni-governo-ad4926de-0835-11ed-bd15-abd29857fc36.shtml. live.
  48. News: Mattarella scioglie le Camere, si vota il 25 settembre. Draghi ai ministri: 'Orgogliosi del lavoro svolto' – Politica . 21 July 2022. it. ANSA. 22 July 2022. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220722114016/https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2022/07/21/mattarella-scioglie-le-camere-si-vota-il-25-settembre.-draghi-ai-ministriorgogliosi-del-lavoro-svolto_8a08bf5e-bb74-4e5c-b1a6-fdfce445c5d7.html. 22 July 2022.
  49. News: Favale. Mauro. Matteucci. Piera. 21 July 2022. Draghi, la crisi di governo: voto anticipato il 25 settembre. Mattarella: 'Non ci sono prospettive per una nuova maggioranza'. Draghi: 'C'è tempo per saluti, ora al lavoro'. 22 July 2022. La Repubblica. it. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220721230137/https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2022/07/21/diretta/draghi_crisi_governo_oggi_fiducia_camera_ultime_news-358571963/. 21 July 2022.
  50. Web site: 21 July 2022. Italy's Mattarella dissolves parliament, election set for 25 September. 22 July 2022. Euronews. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220722114847/https://www.euronews.com/2022/07/21/italys-president-mattarella-dissolves-parliament-orders-new-election. 22 July 2022.

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