Extreme cinema explained

Extreme cinema is a subgenre used for films distinguished by its use of excessive sex and violence, and depiction of extreme acts such as mutilation and torture. The rising popularity of Asian films in the 21st century has contributed to the growth of extreme cinema, although extreme cinema is still considered to be a horror film-based genre.[1] Being a relatively recent genre, extreme cinema is controversial and widely unaccepted by the mainstream media.[2] Extreme cinema films target a specific and small audience group.[3]

History

The prehistory of extreme cinema can be traced back to censorship of art films and advertising tactics for classical exploitation films to Anglophone markets alongside later liberal representations of sex in the first half of the 20th century onwards.[4]

The name "extreme cinema" originated from a "line of Asian films that share a combination of sensational features, such as extreme violence, horror and shocking plots".[5] Extreme cinema can be rooted as "Asian Extreme", the term for Japanese and other Asian films used to its excessive nature. Early examples of Asian Extreme such as Ring (1998) and Battle Royale (2000).[6]

Controversy

Extreme cinema is highly criticized and debated by film critics and the general public. There have been debates over the hypersexualization that makes these films a threat to the ‘mainstream’ community standards.[7]

There has also been criticism over the increasing use of violence in modern-day films. Ever since the emergence of slasher-gore films in the 1970s, the rising popularity of extreme cinema has contributed to the casual violence in popular media.[8] Some criticize the easy exposure and unintended targeting of adolescence by extreme cinema films.[9]

Notable films

TitleYearRef.
A Serbian Film 2010 [10] [11] [12] [13]
Act of Vengeance 1974 [14]
Antichrist 2009 [15] [16]
Audition 1999 [17]
Auschwitz 2011
Bandit Queen 1994 [18]
Begotten 1989 [19]
Benny's Video 1992
Black Friday 2004 [20]
Blood Feast 1963
Caligula (unrated version) 1979
Caligula... The Untold Story 1982
Cannibal Holocaust 1980 [21] [22] [23]
The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover 1989 [24]
Crash 1996 [25]
The Devils 1971 [26]
Dogtooth 2009
Faces of Death 1978
Funny Games 1997 [27]
Gandu 2010 [28]
The Green Elephant 1999 [29]
Hacksaw 2020 [30]
1994
Hellraiser 1987 [31]
1986 [32] [33]
Hostel 2005
The House That Jack Built 2018 [34]
The Human Centipede 2009
I Spit on Your Grave 1978
Ichi the Killer 2001 [35] [36]
The Idiots 1998 [37]
1975
Infinity Pool 2023 [38] [39]
In the Realm of the Senses 1976 [40]
Irréversible 2002
1996 [41]
The Kashmir Files 2022 [42]
Kinatay 2009 [43]
Maniac1980 [44] [45]
Man Bites Dog1992
Mark of the Devil1970
Martyrs2008
Masking Threshold2021 [46] [47] [48]
Matrubhoomi2003 [49]
Multiple Maniacs1970 [50] [51]
Mysterious Skin 2004
Natural Born Killers1994[52] [53]
Nekromantik1987 [54]
Oedipus Rex1967 [55]
Oldboy2003 [56]
Paanch2003 [57]
The Passion of the Christ2004 [58] [59]
Pieces1982 [60] [61]
Pigsty1969
Pink Flamingos1972 [62] [63]
The Poughkeepsie Tapes2007
2006
Rambo 42008
Re-Animator1985
Relic2020 [64]
Requiem for a Dream2000
The Revenant2015[65]
Saani Kaayidham2022 [66]
The Sadness2021 [67]
Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom1975 [68] [69]
Saw2004 [70]
1997
Stille Nacht1969
Suicide Club2001
Sweet Movie1974
Taxidermia2006
1989[71]
1973
Un Chien Andalou1929
Vase de Noces1974
Where the Dead Go to Die2012
Who's Watching Oliver2018 [72]

Notable directors

Legacy

Pink Flamingos was inducted into the National Film Registry in 2021.[85] Requiem for a Dream and Oldboy were named on the BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century.[86] The behind-the-scenes look at Cannibal Holocaust was the subject of a Season 2 episode of the documentary series Cursed Films.[87]

See also

Sources

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The Most Disturbing Movies of All Time . Complex Networks.
  2. Web site: Dirks. Tim . 100 Most Controversial Films of All Time . . 9 February 2016.
  3. http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/project/C6FD3EB5-9542-4A98-B2E1-3F2E834B88FF gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
  4. Book: Frey, Mattias. Extreme Cinema: The Transgressive Rhetoric of Today's Art Film Culture. 15 March 2016. Rutgers University Press. Google Books. 9780813576527.
  5. . Lee . Eunah . Trauma, excess, and the aesthetics of the affect: the extreme cinemas of Chan-Wook Park . Post Script . 34 . 1 . Fall 2014 . 33–49 .
  6. Web site: 10 great Japanese films of the 21st century . 2022-07-02 . BFI . en.
  7. Pett . Emma . A new media landscape? The BBFC, extreme cinema as cult, and technological change . New Review of Film and Television Studies . 2 January 2015 . 13 . 1 . 83–99 . 10.1080/17400309.2014.982910 . 146431677 .
  8. Sapolsky . Burry S. . Molitor . Fred . Luque . Sarah . Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly . March 2003 . 80 . 1 . 28–38 . 10.1177/107769900308000103 . 143908234 .
  9. Sargent . James D . Heatherton . Todd F . Ahrens . M.Bridget . Dalton . Madeline A . Tickle . Jennifer J . Beach . Michael L . Adolescent exposure to extremely violent movies . Journal of Adolescent Health . December 2002 . 31 . 6 . 449–454 . 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00399-3 . 12457577 .
  10. Web site: Extreme Cinema: Top 25 Most Disturbing Films of all time – part3 – HNN. horrornews.net. 23 August 2010.
  11. Web site: Extreme Cinema. Edinburgh University Press Books.
  12. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/the-30-most-extreme-movies-of-the-21st-century-so-far/4/ The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
  13. https://www.fangoria.com/original/mainstream-extreme-how-2022-made-disturbing-popular/ Mainstream Extreme: How 2022 Made "Disturbing" Popular – Fangoria
  14. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/05/extreme-cinema-rape-squad-1974/ Extreme Cinema – Rape Squad – Flickering Myth
  15. https://phasrmedia.com/most-disturbing-horror-movies/ Extreme Cinema: The 40 Most Disturbing Horror Movies Ever Made – PHASR
  16. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3593690/butcher-block-chaos-reigns-visceral-pain-antichrist/ (Butcher Block) Chaos Reigns in Visceral Pain in 'Antichrist' – Bloody Disgusting
  17. Book: Frey . Mattias . Discourses and Modes of Distribution . 69–93 . . Extreme Cinema: The Transgressive Rhetoric of Today's Art Film Culture . 2016 . Rutgers University Press . 978-0-8135-7652-7 .
  18. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/bandit-queen-1995 Bandit Queen (1995)|Roger Ebert
  19. Web site: Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium A-D – HNN. horrornews.net. 27 July 2019.
  20. https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/09black.htm Black Friday is grim yet great|Rediff.com
  21. Web site: Extreme Cinema: Top 25 Most Disturbing Films of all time – part2. 23 August 2010.
  22. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2021/04/extreme-cinema-cannibal-holocaust-ruggero-deodato/ Extreme Cinema – Cannibal Holocaust (1980) – Flickering Myth
  23. https://www.slashfilm.com/1151350/ruggero-deodato-director-of-the-controversial-horror-film-cannibal-holocaust-dies-at-83/ Ruggero Deodato, Director Of The Controversial Horror Film Cannibal Holocaust, Dies At 83|/Film
  24. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-cook-the-thief-his-wife-and-her-lover-1999 The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (1989)|Roger Ebert
  25. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/11/extreme-david-cronenbergs-cinema-crash-1996/ Extreme Cinema – David Cronenberg's Crash (1996) – Flickering Myth
  26. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3567561/butcher-block-ken-russells-controversial-devils-holy-trinity-violence-sex-religion/ (Butcher Block) Ken Russel's Controversial 'The Devils' Is a Holy Trinity of Sex, Violence and Religion – Bloody Disgusting
  27. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/the-30-most-extreme-movies-of-the-21st-century-so-far/3/ The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
  28. https://variety.com/2011/film/reviews/gandu-1117944458/ Gandu – Variety
  29. Web site: Film Review: The Green Elephant (1999). horrornews.net. 20 April 2014.
  30. Web site: Hacksaw (2020) Review. 8 January 2021.
  31. Web site: Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium E-K. 27 July 2019.
  32. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/04/extreme-cinema-henry-portrait-of-serial-killer/ Extreme Cinema – Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer – Flickering Myth
  33. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3543890/butcher-block-uncomfortable-realism-henry-portrait-serial-killer/ (Butcher Block) The Uncomfortable Realism of 'Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer' – Bloody Disgusting
  34. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-the-house-that-jack-built-2018/ Extreme Cinema – The House That Jack Built (2018) – Flickering Myth
  35. Web site: 5 Examples Of Extreme Japanese Cinema That Will Freak You Out. Monkey Fighting Robots. July 6, 2016.
  36. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20211026-how-ichi-the-killer-brought-ultra-violence-to-the-mainstream How Ichi the Killer brought ultra-violence to the mainstream – BBC Culture
  37. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-the-idiots/ Extreme Cinema – The Idiots (1998) – Flickering Myth
  38. https://www.thecurb.com.au/infinity-pool-review-an-imperfect-experiment-of-extreme-cinema/ Infinity Pool Review – An Imperfect Experiment in Extreme Cinema – The Curb
  39. https://www.thewrap.com/infinity-pool-review-alexander-skarsgard-mia-goth/ ‘Infinity Pool’ Review: Extreme Sci-Fi Tale Squanders a Promising Premise – TheWrap
  40. Web site: Extreme Asian Horror – Cat III Asian Films. horrornews.net. 26 February 2019.
  41. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/kama-sutra-a-tale-of-love-1997 Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love (1997)|Roger Ebert
  42. https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-director-vivek-agnihotri-violence-in-cinema-101688616608142.html The Kashmir Files director Vivek Agnihotri: Glamourising extreme violence in cinema is considered talent|Bollywood – The Hindustan Times
  43. https://ebin.pub/extreme-cinema-the-transgressive-rhetoric-of-todays-art-film-culture-2015021892-9780813576510-0813576512-9780813576527-0813576520.html Extreme cinema: the transgressive rhetoric of today's art film culture 2015021892 ... – EBIN.PUB
  44. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-maniac-1980/ Extreme Cinema – Maniac (1980) – Flickering Myth
  45. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3488608/butcher-block-tom-savinis-gore-effects-maniac/ (Butcher Block) Tom Savini's Gore Effects of 'Maniac' – Bloody Disgusting
  46. https://quepeliverehoy.es/terrormolins2021-entrevista-a-johannes-grenzfurthner-director-de-masking-threshold/ Interview with Johannes Grenzfurthner on quepeliverehoy.es; 22 November 2021
  47. https://www.ihorror.com/fantastic-fest-masking-threshold-a-true-macro-exploration-of-existential-ringing-terror/ "Masking Threshold: A True Macro Exploration of Existential, Ringing Madness" (iHorror); 26 September 2021
  48. https://www.filminquiry.com/masking-threshold-2021-review/ "Masking Threshold: Obsession Takes Hold In This Brutal Horror Film"; review in: Film Inquiry, 26 October 2021
  49. https://www.moriareviews.com/sciencefiction/nation-without-women-2003-matrubhoomi.htm A Nation Without Women (2003) – Moria
  50. https://antigravitymagazine.com/feature/top-gross-out-moments-in-john-waters-films/ Top Gross-Out Moments in John Waters Films – Antigravity Magazine
  51. https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/review/71872 Multiple Maniacs – DVD Talk
  52. https://thecord.ca/exploring-the-popularity-of-squid-game-when-extreme-goes-mainstream/ Exploring the Popularity of Squid Game — When Extreme Goes Mainstream
  53. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/02/natural-born-killers-extreme-cinema/ Extreme Cinema – Natural Born Killers – Flickering Myth
  54. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-nekromantik-1987/ Extreme Cinema – Nekromantik – Flickering Myth
  55. Web site: Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium L-R. 30 July 2019.
  56. https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/extreme-cinema/9780813576497 Extreme Cinema|Rutgers University Press
  57. https://madaboutmoviez.in/2013/12/24/anurag-kashyaps-paanch-movie-review-flash-of-brilliance/ Anurag Kashyap’s Paanch Movie Review: Flash of Brilliance – madaboutmoviez.in
  58. Top 10 Ridiculously Violent Movies. Time. Sanburn. Josh. September 2, 2010. February 18, 2023.
  59. Web site: Roger. Ebert. Roger Ebert. The Passion of the Christ . Chicago Sun-Times. February 24, 2004 . February 18, 2023.
  60. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3487034/butcher-block-going-pieces-j-piquer-simons-gory-slasher/ (Butcher Block) Going to 'Pieces' Over J. Piquer Simon's Gory Slasher – Bloody Disgusting
  61. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/05/extreme-cinema-pieces-1982/ Extreme Cinema – Pieces (1982) – Flickering Myth
  62. https://movieweb.com/best-midnight-movies-that-made-history/ 10 Midnight Movies That Made History – MovieWeb
  63. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/10-essential-films-from-the-extreme-cinema-genre/ 10 essential films from the 'Extreme Cinema' genre|Far Out Magazine
  64. https://www.bfi.org.uk/london-film-festival/features/what-watch-new-extreme-cinema What to watch at LFF: New extreme cinema|London Film Festival 2020|BFI
  65. https://www.salon.com/2015/12/31/the_birth_of_extreme_cinema_the_revenant_is_an_endurance_test_of_suffering_for_leonardo_dicaprio_and_moviegoers_but_for_what/ The birth of "extreme cinema": "The Revenant" is an endurance test of suffering for Leonardo DiCaprio -- and moviegoers. But for what?|Salon.com
  66. https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/saani-kaayidham-movie-review/article65387761.ece Keerthy Suresh, Selvaraghavan are terrific in this bloody, yet focused revenge drama
  67. https://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3676443/fantasia-review-the-sadness-goes-jugular-transgressive-extreme-horror/ 'The Sadness' Review – Gory Virus Movie Goes for the Jugular With Transgressive, Extreme Horror|Bloody Disgusting
  68. Web site: Cultivating Extreme Art Cinema. Edinburgh University Press Books.
  69. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2021/06/extreme-cinema-salo-or-the-120-days-of-sodom/ Extreme Cinema – Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom – Flickering Myth
  70. Web site: Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium S-Z. August 2019.
  71. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3596131/butcher-block-cyberpunk-body-horror-collide-tetsuo-iron-man/ (Butcher Block) Cyberpunk and Body Horror Collide in 'Tetsuo: The Iron Man' – Bloody Disgusting
  72. Web site: Who’s Watching Oliver (2017) Review . 1 July 2017.
  73. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2021/06/irreversible-extreme-cinema/ Extreme Cinema – Gaspar Noé’s Irreversible – Flickering Myth
  74. Web site: Repp . Mark . The 30 Most Extreme Movies of The 21st Century So Far . 2022-07-02 . Taste of Cinema – Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists . 14 May 2015 . en-US.
  75. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-the-most-shocking-movies-of-all-time/ Extreme Cinema: The Most Shocking Movies Of All Time – Flickering Myth
  76. Web site: Eaker . Alfred . 2015-07-02 . JOHN WATERS' MULTIPLE MANIACS (1970) . 2022-07-02 . 366 Weird Movies . en-US.
  77. Web site: 2016-08-03 . John Waters brings back Multiple Maniacs: 'Of course I went a little too far' . 2022-07-02 . The Guardian . en.
  78. Web site: 2020-05-01 . Extreme Cinema – The Last House on the Left (1972) . 2022-07-02 . Flickering Myth . en-US.
  79. Nicodemo . Timothy . The New French Extremity: Bruno Dumont and Gaspar Noé, France's Contemporary Zeitgeist . 21 August 2013 .
  80. Web site: 23 September 2015 . Against Happiness – Los Angeles Review of Books .
  81. https://www.slashfilm.com/1142535/when-takashi-miike-heard-he-could-do-anything-for-masters-of-horror-he-put-that-to-the-test/ When Takashi Miike Heard He Could Do 'Anything' For Masters Of Horror, He Put That To The Test|/Film
  82. https://offscreen.com/view/extreme Sex and Violence: Journey into Extreme Cinema – Offscreen
  83. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3547379/butcher-block-eli-roths-flesh-eating-viral-frenzy-cabin-fever/ (Butcher Block) Eli Roth’s Flesh-Eating Viral Frenzy ‘Cabin Fever’ – Bloody Disgusting
  84. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/the-30-most-extreme-movies-of-the-21st-century-so-far/2/ The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
  85. https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/descriptions-and-essays/ Brief Descriptions and Expanded Essays of National Film Registry Titles|Library of Congress
  86. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films The 21st Century's 100 greatest films – BBC Culture
  87. Web site: 'Cursed Films' Season 2 Trailer Reveals More Mysteries and Oddities From Famous Films. Shane. Romanchick. March 25, 2022. Collider.

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