Extreme cinema explained

Extreme cinema (or hardcore horror and extreme horror[1]) is a subgenre used for films distinguished by its use of excessive sex and violence, and depiction of extreme acts such as mutilation and torture. The rising popularity of Asian films in the 21st century has contributed to the growth of extreme cinema, although extreme cinema is still considered to be a horror film-based genre.[2] Being a relatively recent genre, extreme cinema is controversial and widely unaccepted by the mainstream media.[3] Extreme cinema films target a specific and small audience group.[4]

History

The history of extreme cinema can be traced back to censorship of art films and advertising tactics for classical exploitation films to Anglophone markets alongside later liberal representations of sex in the first half of the 20th century onwards.[5]

The name "extreme cinema" originated from a "line of Asian films that share a combination of sensational features, such as extreme violence, horror and shocking plots".[6] Extreme cinema can be rooted as "Asian Extreme", the term for Japanese and other Asian films used to its excessive nature. Early examples of Asian Extreme such as Ring (1998) and Battle Royale (2000).[7]

Notable films

TitleYearRef.
A Serbian Film 2010 [8] [9] [10] [11]
August Underground 2001 [12] [13]
August Underground's Mordum 2003 [14] [15] [16]
August Underground's Penance 2007 [17] [18] [19]
Act of Vengeance 1974 [20]
1983 [21]
Antichrist 2009 [22] [23]
Audition 1999 [24]
Auschwitz 2011
Bandit Queen 1994 [25]
Begotten 1989 [26]
Benny's Video 1992
Black Friday 2004 [27]
Blood Feast 1963
Caligula (unrated version) 1979
Caligula... The Untold Story 1982
Cannibal Holocaust 1980 [28] [29] [30]
The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover 1989 [31]
Cannibal 2006 [32]
Crash 1996 [33]
The Devils 1971 [34]
Dogtooth 2009
Dogville 2003
Faces of Death 1978
Fat Girl 2001
Flower Of Flesh And Blood 1985 [35]
Frontier(s) 2007 [36] [37] [38]
Freaks 1932 [39] [40]
Funny Games 1997 [41]
Gandu 2010 [42]
Grotesque 2009 [43]
Gummo 1997 [44]
The Green Elephant 1999 [45]
Hacksaw 2020 [46]
1994
Hellraiser 1987 [47]
1986 [48] [49]
Hostel 2005
The House That Jack Built 2018 [50]
The Human Centipede 2009
I Spit on Your Grave 1978
I Stand Alone 1998
Ichi the Killer 2001 [51] [52]
The Idiots 1998 [53]
1975
Infinity Pool 2023 [54] [55]
À L'Intérieur2007 [56]
In the Realm of the Senses 1976 [57]
Irréversible 2002
Julien Donkey-Boy 1999
1996 [58]
The Kashmir Files 2022 [59]
Kinatay 2009 [60]
The Machine Girl 2008[61]
Maniac1980 [62] [63]
Man Bites Dog1992
Mark of the Devil1970
Men Behind The Sun Quadriology 1988-1995 [64] [65] [66] [67]
Melancholie der Engel 2009 [68] [69] [70]
Martyrs2008
Masking Threshold2021 [71] [72] [73]
Matrubhoomi2003 [74]
Megan is Missing 2011 [75] [76]
Multiple Maniacs1970 [77] [78]
Mysterious Skin 2004
Naked Blood 1996 [79]
Natural Born Killers1994[80] [81]
Nekromantik1987 [82]
Oedipus Rex1967 [83]
Oldboy2003 [84]
Paanch2003 [85]
The Passion of the Christ2004 [86] [87] [88]
Pieces1982 [89] [90]
Pigsty1969
Philosophy of a Knife 2008 [91] [92] [93]
Pink Flamingos1972 [94] [95]
The Poughkeepsie Tapes2007
2006
Rambo 42008
Re-Animator1985
Relic2020 [96]
Requiem for a Dream2000
The Revenant2015[97]
Saani Kaayidham2022 [98]
Schramm 1993 [99] [100]
Snuff 102 2007 [101] [102]
The Sadness2021 [103]
Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom1975 [104] [105]
Saw2004 [106]
1997
Snuff 1976
Stille Nacht1969
The Substance 2024 [107]
Suicide Club2001
Subconscious Cruelty 2000 [108] [109]
Sweet Movie1974
Taxidermia2006
1989[110]
Thanatomorphose 2012 [111] [112]
1973
Trash Humpers 2009
Tumbling Doll Of Flesh 1998 [113] [114]
Un Chien Andalou1929
Vase de Noces1974
What is It?2005 [115]
Where the Dead Go to Die2012
Who's Watching Oliver2018 [116]

Notable directors

Controversy and legacy

Extreme cinema is highly criticized and debated by film critics and the general public. There have been debates over the hypersexualization that makes these films a threat to the 'mainstream' community standards.[132]

There has also been criticism over the increasing use of violence in modern-day films. Ever since the emergence of slasher-gore films in the 1970s, the rising popularity of extreme cinema has contributed to the casual violence in popular media.[133] Some criticize the easy exposure and unintended targeting of adolescents by extreme cinema films.[134]

Both Freaks and Pink Flamingos are inducted into the National Film Registry.[135] Requiem for a Dream and Oldboy were named on the BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century.[136] The behind-the-scenes look at Cannibal Holocaust was the subject of a Season 2 episode of the documentary series Cursed Films.[137] [138]

See also

Sources

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: October 24, 2024 . Extreme horror . The Michigan Daily.
  2. Web site: The Most Disturbing Movies of All Time . Complex Networks.
  3. Web site: Dirks. Tim . 100 Most Controversial Films of All Time . . 9 February 2016.
  4. http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/project/C6FD3EB5-9542-4A98-B2E1-3F2E834B88FF gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
  5. Book: Frey, Mattias. Extreme Cinema: The Transgressive Rhetoric of Today's Art Film Culture. 15 March 2016. Rutgers University Press. Google Books. 9780813576527.
  6. . Lee . Eunah . Trauma, excess, and the aesthetics of the affect: the extreme cinemas of Chan-Wook Park . Post Script . 34 . 1 . Fall 2014 . 33–49 .
  7. Web site: 10 great Japanese films of the 21st century . 2022-07-02 . BFI . 10 September 2015 . en.
  8. Web site: Extreme Cinema: Top 25 Most Disturbing Films of all time – part3 – HNN. horrornews.net. 23 August 2010.
  9. Web site: Extreme Cinema. Edinburgh University Press Books.
  10. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/the-30-most-extreme-movies-of-the-21st-century-so-far/4/ The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
  11. https://www.fangoria.com/original/mainstream-extreme-how-2022-made-disturbing-popular/ Mainstream Extreme: How 2022 Made "Disturbing" Popular – Fangoria
  12. Web site: August Underground Trilogy Review.
  13. Web site: Alan . Jay . Film Review: August Underground (2001) . HorrorNews.net . 30 December 2015 . Jay Alan . 2 May 2019.
  14. Web site: Special Mention (Most Extreme Movies). The Worldwide Celluloid Massacre. thelastexit.net. 21 May 2012.
  15. Web site: Film Censorship: M #3. Refused Classification. refused-classification.com. 7 May 2014.
  16. Web site: August Underground Mordum Review.
  17. Web site: August Underground's Penance (2007). Phillips. Jared. Digital Retribution. 19 June 2007. digital-retribution.com. 29 August 2013.
  18. https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2016/american-extreme/hardcore-horror/ "A Malignant, Seething Hatework": An Introduction to US 21st Century Hardcore Horror · Senses of Cinema
  19. Web site: How Far is Too Far? August Underground's Penance Review.
  20. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/05/extreme-cinema-rape-squad-1974/ Extreme Cinema – Rape Squad – Flickering Myth
  21. https://whatculture.com/film/10-extreme-horror-movies-that-try-to-break-their-audience 10 Extreme Horror Movies That Try To Break Their Audience - WhatCulture.com
  22. https://phasrmedia.com/most-disturbing-horror-movies/ Extreme Cinema: The 40 Most Disturbing Horror Movies Ever Made – PHASR
  23. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3593690/butcher-block-chaos-reigns-visceral-pain-antichrist/ (Butcher Block) Chaos Reigns in Visceral Pain in 'Antichrist' – Bloody Disgusting
  24. Book: Frey . Mattias . Discourses and Modes of Distribution . 69–93 . . Extreme Cinema: The Transgressive Rhetoric of Today's Art Film Culture . 2016 . Rutgers University Press . 978-0-8135-7652-7 .
  25. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/bandit-queen-1995 Bandit Queen (1995)|Roger Ebert
  26. Web site: Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium A-D – HNN. horrornews.net. 27 July 2019.
  27. https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/09black.htm Black Friday is grim yet great|Rediff.com
  28. Web site: Extreme Cinema: Top 25 Most Disturbing Films of all time – part2. 23 August 2010.
  29. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2021/04/extreme-cinema-cannibal-holocaust-ruggero-deodato/ Extreme Cinema – Cannibal Holocaust (1980) – Flickering Myth
  30. https://www.slashfilm.com/1151350/ruggero-deodato-director-of-the-controversial-horror-film-cannibal-holocaust-dies-at-83/ Ruggero Deodato, Director Of The Controversial Horror Film Cannibal Holocaust, Dies At 83|/Film
  31. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-cook-the-thief-his-wife-and-her-lover-1999 The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (1989)|Roger Ebert
  32. Web site: Cannibal. Weinberg. Scott. DVD Talk. 2006-12-05. 2014-01-16.
  33. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/11/extreme-david-cronenbergs-cinema-crash-1996/ Extreme Cinema – David Cronenberg's Crash (1996) – Flickering Myth
  34. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3567561/butcher-block-ken-russells-controversial-devils-holy-trinity-violence-sex-religion/ (Butcher Block) Ken Russel's Controversial 'The Devils' Is a Holy Trinity of Sex, Violence and Religion – Bloody Disgusting
  35. Web site: Flower Of Flesh And Blood. 30 September 2009 .
  36. Web site: Dargis, Manohla. The New York Times. After Making It Out of Paris, Finding There's No Escape. 9 May 2008. 23 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20150601003820/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/movies/09fron.html. 1 June 2015.
  37. Web site: Ridley, Jim. https://web.archive.org/web/20081022235431/http://www.villagevoice.com/2008-05-06/film/xavier-gens-s-fronti-re-s/. 22 October 2008. Xavier Gens's Frontière(s). The Village Voice. 14 September 1972 . 18 November 2017.
  38. Web site: Variety. Anderson, John. 17 September 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20121113083406/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117934754?refcatid=31. 13 November 2012. Frontier(s).
  39. Web site: Freaks's censorship.
  40. Web site: Freaks 1932.
  41. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/the-30-most-extreme-movies-of-the-21st-century-so-far/3/ The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
  42. https://variety.com/2011/film/reviews/gandu-1117944458/ Gandu – Variety
  43. Web site: Bathed in Blood: Director Koji Shiraishi's torture-porn flick Grotesque gets banned in Britain—and ignites a debate about Japan's splatter-film boom. September 24, 2009. Metropolis Magazine. 2009-09-28.
  44. https://movieweb.com/trash-humpers-harmony-korine-movie/ Trash Humpers: How a Stupid Comedy Premise Became a Truly Disturbing Movie - MovieWeb
  45. Web site: Film Review: The Green Elephant (1999). horrornews.net. 20 April 2014.
  46. Web site: Hacksaw (2020) Review. 8 January 2021.
  47. Web site: Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium E-K. 27 July 2019.
  48. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/04/extreme-cinema-henry-portrait-of-serial-killer/ Extreme Cinema – Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer – Flickering Myth
  49. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3543890/butcher-block-uncomfortable-realism-henry-portrait-serial-killer/ (Butcher Block) The Uncomfortable Realism of 'Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer' – Bloody Disgusting
  50. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-the-house-that-jack-built-2018/ Extreme Cinema – The House That Jack Built (2018) – Flickering Myth
  51. Web site: 5 Examples Of Extreme Japanese Cinema That Will Freak You Out. Monkey Fighting Robots. July 6, 2016.
  52. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20211026-how-ichi-the-killer-brought-ultra-violence-to-the-mainstream How Ichi the Killer brought ultra-violence to the mainstream – BBC Culture
  53. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-the-idiots/ Extreme Cinema – The Idiots (1998) – Flickering Myth
  54. https://www.thecurb.com.au/infinity-pool-review-an-imperfect-experiment-of-extreme-cinema/ Infinity Pool Review – An Imperfect Experiment in Extreme Cinema – The Curb
  55. https://www.thewrap.com/infinity-pool-review-alexander-skarsgard-mia-goth/ ‘Infinity Pool’ Review: Extreme Sci-Fi Tale Squanders a Promising Premise – TheWrap
  56. Web site: Blody Disgusting's top 20 films. 17 December 2009 .
  57. Web site: Extreme Asian Horror – Cat III Asian Films. horrornews.net. 26 February 2019.
  58. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/kama-sutra-a-tale-of-love-1997 Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love (1997)|Roger Ebert
  59. https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-director-vivek-agnihotri-violence-in-cinema-101688616608142.html The Kashmir Files director Vivek Agnihotri: Glamourising extreme violence in cinema is considered talent|Bollywood – The Hindustan Times
  60. https://ebin.pub/extreme-cinema-the-transgressive-rhetoric-of-todays-art-film-culture-2015021892-9780813576510-0813576512-9780813576527-0813576520.html Extreme cinema: the transgressive rhetoric of today's art film culture 2015021892 ... – EBIN.PUB
  61. Web site: Extreme Cinema in Asia.
  62. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-maniac-1980/ Extreme Cinema – Maniac (1980) – Flickering Myth
  63. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3488608/butcher-block-tom-savinis-gore-effects-maniac/ (Butcher Block) Tom Savini's Gore Effects of 'Maniac' – Bloody Disgusting
  64. Web site: Man Behind the Sun 1 & 2 . Refused-Classification.com . 2006-12-16.
  65. Web site: Hicks. Jess. 2016-12-20. The Awful Truth Of MEN BEHIND THE SUN. 2020-10-31. Birth.Movies.Death.. en.
  66. Web site: Man Behind the Sun (18). British Board of Film Classification. August 22, 1988. February 4, 2019.
  67. News: The Man Behind the Sun. Hawker. Philippa. 2004-04-23. The Age. 2009-01-03.
  68. Web site: Leonard . Sean . Film Review: Melancholie der Engel (2009) . HorrorNews.net . 24 December 2020 . 5 February 2020.
  69. Web site: Casta . Ray . Melancholie der Engel (The Angels' Melancholy) Review! – Severed Cinema . Severed Cinema.com . 24 December 2020 . 11 April 2011.
  70. Web site: Lawrence . Gregory . The Most Disturbing Movies of All Time (Y'know, Some Light Reading!) . Collider.com . 24 December 2020 . 31 July 2020.
  71. https://quepeliverehoy.es/terrormolins2021-entrevista-a-johannes-grenzfurthner-director-de-masking-threshold/ Interview with Johannes Grenzfurthner on quepeliverehoy.es; 22 November 2021
  72. https://www.ihorror.com/fantastic-fest-masking-threshold-a-true-macro-exploration-of-existential-ringing-terror/ "Masking Threshold: A True Macro Exploration of Existential, Ringing Madness" (iHorror); 26 September 2021
  73. https://www.filminquiry.com/masking-threshold-2021-review/ "Masking Threshold: Obsession Takes Hold In This Brutal Horror Film"; review in: Film Inquiry, 26 October 2021
  74. https://www.moriareviews.com/sciencefiction/nation-without-women-2003-matrubhoomi.htm A Nation Without Women (2003) – Moria
  75. http://www.bloodygoodhorror.com/bgh/reviews/megan-is-missing Megan Is Missing (Movie Review)|Bloody Good Horror
  76. https://dbknews.com/2020/11/24/megan-is-missing-cuties-movie-trauma/ Some movies blur the line between shock and trauma. Here's why that's problematic. - The Diamondback
  77. https://antigravitymagazine.com/feature/top-gross-out-moments-in-john-waters-films/ Top Gross-Out Moments in John Waters Films – Antigravity Magazine
  78. https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/review/71872 Multiple Maniacs – DVD Talk
  79. Web site: Megyaku: Naked Blood. 2008-01-24. Firsching. Robert. Allmovie.
  80. https://thecord.ca/exploring-the-popularity-of-squid-game-when-extreme-goes-mainstream/ Exploring the Popularity of Squid Game — When Extreme Goes Mainstream
  81. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/02/natural-born-killers-extreme-cinema/ Extreme Cinema – Natural Born Killers – Flickering Myth
  82. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-nekromantik-1987/ Extreme Cinema – Nekromantik – Flickering Myth
  83. Web site: Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium L-R. 30 July 2019.
  84. https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/extreme-cinema/9780813576497 Extreme Cinema|Rutgers University Press
  85. https://madaboutmoviez.in/2013/12/24/anurag-kashyaps-paanch-movie-review-flash-of-brilliance/ Anurag Kashyap’s Paanch Movie Review: Flash of Brilliance – madaboutmoviez.in
  86. Top 10 Ridiculously Violent Movies. Time. Sanburn. Josh. September 2, 2010. February 18, 2023.
  87. Web site: Roger. Ebert. Roger Ebert. The Passion of the Christ . Chicago Sun-Times. February 24, 2004 . February 18, 2023.
  88. https://screenrant.com/passion-of-the-christ-movie-controversies-explained/ Why Passion Of The Christ Was So Controversial - Screen Rant
  89. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3487034/butcher-block-going-pieces-j-piquer-simons-gory-slasher/ (Butcher Block) Going to 'Pieces' Over J. Piquer Simon's Gory Slasher – Bloody Disgusting
  90. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/05/extreme-cinema-pieces-1982/ Extreme Cinema – Pieces (1982) – Flickering Myth
  91. Web site: Andrey Iskanov. The Worldwide Celluloid Massacre. Philosophy of a Knife. November 15, 2012.
  92. Web site: Foreign Objects: Philosophy of a Knife. 2008-09-17. Film School Rejects. en-US. 2019-05-09.
  93. Web site: Philosophy of a Knife (2008). Johnson. Scott. Dread Central. 5 July 2008. dreadcentral.com. 15 November 2012.
  94. https://movieweb.com/best-midnight-movies-that-made-history/ 10 Midnight Movies That Made History – MovieWeb
  95. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/10-essential-films-from-the-extreme-cinema-genre/ 10 essential films from the 'Extreme Cinema' genre|Far Out Magazine
  96. https://www.bfi.org.uk/london-film-festival/features/what-watch-new-extreme-cinema What to watch at LFF: New extreme cinema|London Film Festival 2020|BFI
  97. https://www.salon.com/2015/12/31/the_birth_of_extreme_cinema_the_revenant_is_an_endurance_test_of_suffering_for_leonardo_dicaprio_and_moviegoers_but_for_what/ The birth of "extreme cinema": "The Revenant" is an endurance test of suffering for Leonardo DiCaprio -- and moviegoers. But for what?|Salon.com
  98. https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/saani-kaayidham-movie-review/article65387761.ece Keerthy Suresh, Selvaraghavan are terrific in this bloody, yet focused revenge drama
  99. Web site: Schramm.
  100. Web site: Extreme Cinema - Schramm.
  101. Web site: Snuff 102.
  102. Web site: Top 25 Most Disturbibg Horror Films.
  103. https://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3676443/fantasia-review-the-sadness-goes-jugular-transgressive-extreme-horror/ 'The Sadness' Review – Gory Virus Movie Goes for the Jugular With Transgressive, Extreme Horror|Bloody Disgusting
  104. Web site: Cultivating Extreme Art Cinema. Edinburgh University Press Books.
  105. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2021/06/extreme-cinema-salo-or-the-120-days-of-sodom/ Extreme Cinema – Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom – Flickering Myth
  106. Web site: Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium S-Z. August 2019.
  107. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/demi-moore-the-substance-plot-reviews-trailer-b2625351.html The extreme body horror film prompting mass cinema walkouts around the world|The Independent
  108. Web site: Condit . Jon . Subconscious Cruelty (1999) . Dread Central.com . Jon Condit . November 12, 2020 . 2004.
  109. Web site: Subconscious Cruelty.
  110. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3596131/butcher-block-cyberpunk-body-horror-collide-tetsuo-iron-man/ (Butcher Block) Cyberpunk and Body Horror Collide in 'Tetsuo: The Iron Man' – Bloody Disgusting
  111. Web site: Thanatomorphose.
  112. Web site: Thanatomorphose.
  113. Web site: Fright Fest. . 13 March 2015 .
  114. Web site: Most Extreme Japanese Horror movies. 3 January 2024 .
  115. https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2016/american-extreme/crispin-glover-it-trilogy/ Goodbye, McFly: Crispin Glover's 'It' Trilogy and the Cinema of Reaction – Senses of Cinema
  116. Web site: Who's Watching Oliver (2017) Review . 1 July 2017.
  117. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Genre_Trouble_and_Extreme_Cinema/Ex4-DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 Genre Trouble and Extreme Cinema: Film Theory at the Fringes of Contemporary Art Cinema - Google Books
  118. https://www.google.com/books/edition/New_Extremism_in_Cinema/mdlvAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 The New Extremism in Cinema: From France to Europe - Google Books
  119. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2021/06/irreversible-extreme-cinema/ Extreme Cinema – Gaspar Noé’s Irreversible – Flickering Myth
  120. Web site: Repp . Mark . The 30 Most Extreme Movies of The 21st Century So Far . 2022-07-02 . Taste of Cinema – Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists . 14 May 2015 . en-US.
  121. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2020/06/extreme-cinema-the-most-shocking-movies-of-all-time/ Extreme Cinema: The Most Shocking Movies Of All Time – Flickering Myth
  122. Web site: Eaker . Alfred . 2015-07-02 . JOHN WATERS' MULTIPLE MANIACS (1970) . 2022-07-02 . 366 Weird Movies . en-US.
  123. Web site: 2016-08-03 . John Waters brings back Multiple Maniacs: 'Of course I went a little too far' . 2022-07-02 . The Guardian . en.
  124. Web site: 2020-05-01 . Extreme Cinema – The Last House on the Left (1972) . 2022-07-02 . Flickering Myth . en-US.
  125. Nicodemo . Timothy . The New French Extremity: Bruno Dumont and Gaspar Noé, France's Contemporary Zeitgeist . 21 August 2013 .
  126. Web site: 23 September 2015 . Against Happiness – Los Angeles Review of Books .
  127. https://www.slashfilm.com/1142535/when-takashi-miike-heard-he-could-do-anything-for-masters-of-horror-he-put-that-to-the-test/ When Takashi Miike Heard He Could Do 'Anything' For Masters Of Horror, He Put That To The Test|/Film
  128. https://gizmodo.com/takashi-miike-manga-iphone-15-pro-youtube-japan-horror-1851314159 One of the World's Most Extreme Horror Movie Directors Made a 19-Minute Film for Apple|Gizmodo
  129. https://offscreen.com/view/extreme Sex and Violence: Journey into Extreme Cinema – Offscreen
  130. https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3547379/butcher-block-eli-roths-flesh-eating-viral-frenzy-cabin-fever/ (Butcher Block) Eli Roth’s Flesh-Eating Viral Frenzy ‘Cabin Fever’ – Bloody Disgusting
  131. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/the-30-most-extreme-movies-of-the-21st-century-so-far/2/ The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
  132. Pett . Emma . A new media landscape? The BBFC, extreme cinema as cult, and technological change . New Review of Film and Television Studies . 2 January 2015 . 13 . 1 . 83–99 . 10.1080/17400309.2014.982910 . 146431677 .
  133. Sapolsky . Burry S. . Molitor . Fred . Luque . Sarah . Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly . March 2003 . 80 . 1 . 28–38 . 10.1177/107769900308000103 . 143908234 .
  134. Sargent . James D . Heatherton . Todd F . Ahrens . M.Bridget . Dalton . Madeline A . Tickle . Jennifer J . Beach . Michael L . Adolescent exposure to extremely violent movies . Journal of Adolescent Health . December 2002 . 31 . 6 . 449–454 . 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00399-3 . 12457577 .
  135. https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/descriptions-and-essays/ Brief Descriptions and Expanded Essays of National Film Registry Titles|Library of Congress
  136. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films The 21st Century's 100 greatest films – BBC Culture
  137. Web site: 'Cursed Films' Season 2 Trailer Reveals More Mysteries and Oddities From Famous Films. Shane. Romanchick. March 25, 2022. Collider.
  138. https://movieweb.com/cursed-films-best-episodes/ Cursed Films' Episodes, Ranked - MovieWeb

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