In academic publishing, an expression of concern is a notice issued by a publisher against a particular publication, warning that it may contain errors or be otherwise untrustworthy.[1]
Practice for issuing expressions of concern is not standardized across the publishing industry.[2] The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors says in its 2019 recommendations that a publisher may choose to issue an expression of concern while an investigation of alleged scientific misconduct is ongoing, and pending its outcome.[3]