Equisetales Explained

Equisetales is an order of subclass Equisetidae with only one living family, Equisetaceae, containing the genus Equisetum (horsetails), as well as a variety of extinct groups, including the tree-like Calamitaceae.

Classification

In the molecular phylogenetic classification of Smith et al. in 2006, Equisetales, in its present circumscription, was held to be the sole member of class Equisetopsida.[1] The linear sequence of Christenhusz et al. (2011), intended for compatibility with the classification of Chase and Reveal (2009)[2] which placed all land plants in Equisetopsida,[3] made it the sole member of subclass Equisetidae, equivalent to Smith's Equisetopsida. The placement of Equisetales in subclass Equisetidae has subsequently been followed in the classifications of Christenhusz and Chase (2014)[4] and PPG I (2016).[5]

The fossil record includes additional extinct species in Equisetaceae and the extinct families Calamitaceae, Archaeocalamitaceae and Phyllothecaceae.[6] [7]

Cladogram after Elgorriaga et al, 2018.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Smith . Alan R. . Pryer . Kathleen M. . Schuettpelz . Eric . Korall . Petra . Schneider . Harald . Wolf . Paul G. . A classification for extant ferns . Taxon . 55 . 3 . August 2006 . 705–731 . 10.2307/25065646 . 25065646 . 2016-12-22 . 2021-12-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211209070955/https://www.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/smith-et-al-taxon-2006.original.pdf . dead .
  2. Maarten J. M. . Christenhusz . Maarten J. M. Christenhusz . Xian-Chun . Zhang . Harald . Schneider . 18 February 2011 . A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns . . 19 . 7–54 . 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2 . 10138/28042 .
  3. Chase . Mark W. . Mark Wayne Chase . Reveal . James L. . James L. Reveal . A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . 161 . 2 . October 2009 . 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x . 122–127. free .
  4. Christenhusz . Maarten J. M. . Chase . Mark W. . Trends and concepts in fern classification . Annals of Botany . 113 . 4 . 13 February 2014 . 571–594 . 10.1093/aob/mct299 . 24532607 . 3936591.
  5. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group . A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns . Journal of Systematics and Evolution . 54 . 6 . 563–603 . November 2016 . 10.1111/jse.12229. free .
  6. Phylogenetic diversification of Equisetum (Equisetales) inferrred from Lower Cretaceous species of British Columbia, Canada. . American Journal of Botany . 2009 . Nicholas . Stanich . Gar W. Rothwell . Ruth A. Stockey . 96 . 7 . 1289–1299. 10.3732/ajb.0800381 . 21628278.
  7. https://www.academia.edu/1097073/Uma_nova_especie_de_Phyllotheca_Brongniart_Townrow_no_Permiano_Inferior_da_Bacia_do_Parana_RS Uma nova espécie de Phyllotheca Brongniart
  8. Elgorriaga . Andrés . Escapa . Ignacio H. . Rothwell . Gar W. . Tomescu . Alexandru M. F. . Rubén Cúneo . N. . August 2018 . Origin of Equisetum : Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida . American Journal of Botany . en . 105 . 8 . 1286–1303 . 10.1002/ajb2.1125 . 0002-9122.

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