Kaurenoic acid explained

Kaurenoic acid (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid or kauren-19-oic acid) is a diterpene with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. However its low solubility and blood lytic activity on erythrocytes might make it a poor pharmaceutical candidate.^[1] Kaurenoic acid also has uterine relaxant activity via calcium blockade and opening ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Kaurenoic acid is found in several plants such as Copaifera. It is a potential biomarker for the presence of sunflower in foods.^[2]

Medical use

Kaurenoic acid has been studied for its medicinal properties and seems to have anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, antitumor, antinociceptive, antimelanoma, antitilipoperoxidation, antioxidant and antimicrobialproperties.^[3]

Kaurenoic acid decreases leukocyte migration. It seems to inhibit histamine and serotonin pathways, in addition to antiprotozoal activities against Trypanosoma cruzi^{[4] [5]} and Leishmania amazonensis.^[6]

Notes and References

1. 10.1590/S0103-50532002000200004. 0103-5053. 13. 2. 151–157. Vieira. Henriete S.. Takahashi. Jacqueline A.. Oliveira. Alaíde B. de. Chiari. Egler. Boaventura. Maria Amélia D.. Novel Derivatives of Kaurenoic Acid. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 2002. free.
2. Web site: Showing Compound Kaurenoic acid (FDB021671) - FooDB. 24 January 2021.
3. Rocha. Silvia Maria Machado da. Cardoso. Plínio Cerqueira dos Santos. Bahia. Marcelo de Oliveira. Pessoa. Claudia do Ó. Soares. Paulo Cardoso. Rocha. Simone Machado da. Burbano. Rommel Mário Rodríguez. Rocha. Carlos Alberto Machado da. 1 June 2019. Effect of the kaurenoic acid on genotoxicity and cell cycle progression in cervical cancer cells lines. Toxicology in Vitro. 57. 126–131. 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.02.022. 30822460. 73485393 . 0887-2333. 24 January 2021.
4. Silva . Matheus L. . Costa‐Silva . Thais A. . Antar . Guilherme M. . Tempone . Andre G. . Lago . João Henrique G. . October 2021 . Front Cover: Chemical Constituents from Aerial Parts of Baccharis sphenophylla and Effects against Intracellular Forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chem. Biodiversity 10/2021) . Chemistry & Biodiversity . en . 18 . 10 . 10.1002/cbdv.202100695 . 244986153 . 1612-1872.
5. da Costa-Silva . Thais A. . Silva . Matheus L. . Antar . Guilherme M. . Tempone . Andre G. . Lago . João Henrique G. . 2021-12-01 . Ent-kaurane diterpenes isolated from n-hexane extract of Baccharis sphenophylla by bioactivity-guided fractionation target the acidocalcisomes in Trypanosoma cruzi . Phytomedicine . en . 93 . 153748 . 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153748 . 34628240 . 238581510 . 0944-7113.
6. al. D. Kian et. Trypanocidal activity of copaiba oil and kaurenoic acid does not depend on macrophage killing machinery . Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2018. 103. 1294–1301. 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.164. 29864911. 46930282. 24 January 2021.