Ensete Explained

Ensete is a genus of monocarpic flowering plants native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the banana family, Musaceae, and includes the false banana or enset (E. ventricosum), an economically important food crop in Ethiopia.^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

Taxonomy

The genus Ensete was first described by Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninow (or Horaninov, 1796–1865) in his Prodromus Monographiae Scitaminarum of 1862 in which he created a single species, Ensete edule. However, the genus did not receive general recognition until 1947 when it was revived by E. E. Cheesman in the first of a series of papers in the Kew Bulletin on the classification of the bananas, with a total of 25 species.^[4]

Taxonomically, the genus Ensete has shrunk since Cheesman revived the taxon. Cheesman acknowledged that field study might reveal synonymy and the most recent review of the genus by Simmonds (1960) listed just six. Recently the number has increased to seven as the Flora of China has, not entirely convincingly, reinstated Ensete wilsonii. There is one species in Thailand, somewhat resembling E. superbum, that has not been formally described, and possibly other Asian species.

It is possible to separate Ensete into its African and Asian species.

Africa

Ensete gilletii synonym Ensete livingstonianum - native range W. Tropical Africa to Malawi

Ensete homblei - native range is SE. DR Congo to N. Zambia

Ensete perrieri – endemic to Madagascar but intriguingly like the Asian E. glaucum

Ensete ventricosum – enset or false banana, widely cultivated as a food plant in Ethiopia

Asia

Ensete glaucum – widespread in Asia from India to Papua New Guinea

Ensete superbum – Western Ghats of India

Ensete wilsonii – Yunnan, China, but doubtfully distinct from E. glaucum

Ensete sp. "Thailand" – possibly a new species or a disjunct population of E. superbum

Extinct species

Ensete oregonense Clarno Formation, Oregon, United States, Eocene^[5]

Relevant literature

Borrell, James S., Mark Goodwin, Guy Blomme, Kim Jacobsen, Abebe M. Wendawek, Dawd Gashu, Ermias Lulekal, Zemede Asfaw, Sebsebe Demissew, and Paul Wilkin. "Enset‐based agricultural systems in Ethiopia: A systematic review of production trends, agronomy, processing and the wider food security applications of a neglected banana relative." Plants, People, Planet 2, no. 3 (2020): 212-228.

External links

(1999): http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~drc/ensete.htm
IPNI Listing
Enset as a crop (UNEUE)
Enset Culture (UNEUE)
American Association for the Advancement of Science – The Tree Against Hunger: Enset-based Agricultural Systems in Ethiopia.
Oxfam – Holes in the Safety Net
"A study on Esset as a means of existence, social organization and ethnical identification for the Gurage people", Master's thesis, University of Tromsø (2009)
Kew Plant List

Notes and References

Wilkin. Paul. Demissew. Sebsebe. Willis. Kathy. Woldeyes. Feleke. Davis. Aaron P.. Molla. Ermias L.. Janssens. Steven. Kallow. Simon. Berhanu. Admas. Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple. Annals of Botany. 123. 5. 747–766. en. 10.1093/aob/mcy214. 30715125. 6526316. 2019.
Book: RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. 2008. Dorling Kindersley. United Kingdom. 978-1405332965. 1136.
Web site: Uses of Enset. 13 August 2007. 1997. The 'Tree Against Hunger': Enset-Based Agricultural Systems in Ethiopia. American Association for the Advancement of Science. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070819143500/http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml. 19 August 2007.
Cheesman, E. E. 1947. Classification of the bananas. I. The genus Ensete Horan and the genus Musa L. Kew Bulletin (GBR), 2: 97-117
Manchester . Steven R. . Kress . W. John . 1993-11-01 . Fossil bananas (Musaceae): Ensete oregonense sp. nov. from the Eocene of western North America and its phytogeographic significance . American Journal of Botany . en . 80 . 11 . 1264–1272 . 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15363.x . 0002-9122.