Energy in Belarus describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Belarus. Belarus is a net energy importer. According to IEA, the energy import vastly exceeded the energy production in 2015, describing Belarus as one of the world's least energy sufficient countries in the world. Belarus is very dependent on Russia.
Total energy consumption (measured by total primary energy supply) in Belarus was 27.0 Mtoe in 2018, similar to consumption in Norway and Hungary. Primary energy use in Belarus was 327 TWh or 34 TWh per million persons in 2008.[1]
Primary energy use per capita in Belarus in 2009 (34 MWh) was slightly more than in Portugal (26 MWh) and about half of the use in Belgium (64 MWh) or Sweden (62 MWh).[1]
Electricity consumed in 2021 was 32.67 billion kWh, 3,547 kWh per capita.
| Population (million) | Prim. energy (TWh) | Production (TWh) | Import (TWh) | Electricity (TWh) | CO2-emission (Mt) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 9.82 | 311 | 42 | 272 | 30.9 | 60.6 |
| 2007 | 9.70 | 326 | 47 | 276 | 32.5 | 62.7 |
| 2008 | 9.68 | 327 | 47 | 287 | 33.2 | 64.2 |
| 2009 | 9.66 | 311 | 47 | 258 | 31.4 | 60.8 |
| 2012 | 9.47 | 343 | 50 | 286 | 34.4 | 66.0 |
| 2012R | 9.46 | 355 | 47.9 | 309 | 35.0 | 71.1 |
| 2013 | 9.47 | 317 | 46.4 | 274 | 34.5 | 58.3 |
| Change 2004-09 | -1.6% | -0.1% | 11.9% | -5.0% | 1.6% | 0.2% |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated |
| Name | Region/city | Capacity, MW[3] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,889 | |||
| 1,095 | |||
| Minsk thermal No. 4 | Minsk city | 1,035 | |
| Minsk thermal No. 5 | 719.6 | ||
| Gomel thermal No. 2 | Gomel city | 544 | |
| Minsk thermal No. 3 | Minsk city | 442 | |
| Mogilev thermal No. 2 | Mogilev city | 347 | |
| Grodno thermal No. 2 | Grodno city | 302.5 | |
| Novopolotsk thermal | Novopolotsk city | 270 | |
| Mazyr thermal | Mazyr city | 205 | |
| Babruysk thermal No. 2 | Babruysk city | 182.6 | |
| Svietlahorsk thermal | Svietlahorsk city | 155 | |
| Minsk thermal No. 2 | Minsk city | 94 | |
| Viciebsk thermal | Vitebsk city | 80 | |
| Orsha thermal | Orsha city | 79.8 | |
| Barysaw thermal | Barysaw city | 65 | |
| Zhodzina thermal | Zhodzina city | 54 | |
| Lida thermal | Lida city | 43 | |
| Vitebsk hydro | 40 | ||
| Mogilev thermal No. 1 | Mogilev city | 38.5 | |
| Gomel thermal No. 1 | Gomel city | 37.3 | |
| Zhlobin thermal | Zhlobin city | 26.2 | |
| Pinsk thermal | Pinsk city | 22 | |
| Polotsk hydro | 21.7 | ||
| Mogilev thermal No. 3 | Mogilev city | 19.5 | |
| Baranavichy thermal | Baranavichy city | 18 | |
| Grodno hydro | 17 | ||
| Brest thermal | Brest city | 12 | |
| Babruysk thermal No. 1 | Babruysk city | 12 |
The Astravets Nuclear Power Plant is under construction, with the first unit of two expected to come online in 2020.[4]
The country is one of the world’s largest importers of natural gas with estimates for 2018 being about 17 Mtoe (20 billion cubic metres [bcm]) of natural gas, making it the leading importer among the so-called EU4Energy countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. In 2018 almost all generated electricity came from natural gas (97%, or 39 terawatt hours [TWh]). In 1990, the IEA reported natural gas as constituting 52% of electricity generation, with oil generating 48%.
There are two large gas pipes running through Belarus, the Yamal–Europe pipeline and Northern Lights. In addition there is the Minsk–Kaliningrad Interconnection that connects to Kaliningrad.
In 2021 18.64 billion m3 were consumed with 0.06 billion produced, the rest imported.
Belarus is a large oil refiner, listed 36th in the world, at 19 Mt of oil products in 2018 by the IEA. It has two refineries and oil pipelines built during the Soviet era including the Mozyr Oil Refinery.
Oil consumed in 2021 amounted to 49.13m barrels with 12.52 m barrels produced, the rest imported.[5]
See main article: Renewable energy in Belarus. Renewable energy generation accounted for 6% of Belarus’s energy in 2018, rising to 8% in 2020, mostly from biofuels and waste. Renewables share in electricity generation was 2% in 2018 (0.8 TWh).
Renewable energy includes wind, solar, biomass and geothermal energy sources.Because non-nuclear thermal power plants are ramped up and down depending on heat requirements, and nuclear is not very flexible, increased battery storage has been suggested.[6]
Fossil fuelled heat is heavily subsidized.[7]