| Country: | French Third Republic |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Previous Election: | 1869 French legislative election |
| Previous Year: | 1869 |
| Next Election: | French legislative election, 1876 |
| Next Year: | 1876 |
| Seats For Election: | All 758 seats in the National Assembly |
| Majority Seats: | 320 |
| Image1: | Portrait Jules Grévy (cropped 2).jpg |
| Leader1: | Jules Grévy |
| Party1: | Republicans |
| Party1 Name: | no |
| Seats1: | 249 |
| Leader2: | Henri d'Orléans |
| Party2: | Orléanists |
| Seats2: | 223 |
| Image3: | Étienne Neurdein - Comte de Chambord (demi-chiffre ca 1870).jpg |
| Leader3: | Henri of Artois |
| Party3: | Legitimists |
| Seats3: | 182 |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Election: | Louis-Jules Trochu |
| Before Party: | Independent politician |
| After Election: | Jules Dufaure |
| After Party: | Independent politician |
Legislative elections were held in France on 8 February 1871 to elect the first legislature of the Third French Republic, the unicameral National Assembly. The elections were held during a situation of crisis in the country, as following the Franco-Prussian War, 43 departments were occupied by Prussian forces. As a result, all public meetings were outlawed and Paris was the only city where an election campaign took place.
The electoral law allowed candidates to run in more than one seat at a time. As a result, several candidates were elected in more than one seat, with Adolphe Thiers elected in 86 constituencies. By-elections were subsequently held on 2 July to elect representatives for the 114 vacant seats.
This election saw the victory of monarchists (Legitimists and Orleanists), favourable to peace with the German Empire, with a large majority.