Economy of Uganda explained

Country:Uganda
Currency:Ugandan shilling (USh)
Year:1 July – 30 June
Organs:AU, EAC, COMESA, WTO
Group:
Gdp:
  • $36.484 billion (nominal, 2020 est.)[3]
  • $113.476 billion (PPP, 2020 est.)
Gdp Rank:90th (nominal, 2017)
Growth:
  • 3.9% (2017) 5.9% (2018)
  • 6.1% (2019e) 6.5% (2020f)[4]
Per Capita:
  • $916.156 (nominal, 2020 est.)
  • $2,752 (PPP, 2020 est.)
Sectors:
  • Agriculture: 71.9%
  • Industry: 4.4%
  • Services: 23.7%
  • (2017 est.)
Inflation:3.2% (2019)
Bankrate:19.1% (31 December 2017 est.)[5]
Poverty:
  • 21.4% (2017 est.)[6]
  • 41.7% on less than $1.90/day (2016)[7]
Gini:42.8 (2016)[8]
Hdi:
Labor:
  • 16,833,878 (2019)[11]
  • 48.0% employment rate (2017)[12]
Occupations:
  • agriculture: 71%
  • industry: 7%
  • services: 22%
  • (2013 est.)
Industries:sugar processing, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement, steel production
Edbr: 116th (medium, 2020)[13]
Exports: $3.339 billion (2017 est.)
Export-Goods:coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products, gold
Export-Partners:
Imports: $5.036 billion (2017 est.)
Import-Goods:capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies, cereals
Import-Partners:
Current Account: −$1.212 billion (2017 est.)
Fdi:$10.909 billion (2016)[14]
Gross External Debt:$7.163 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
Debt:$25.3 billion ($11.7 billion, domestic) (2023)[15]
Balance:–4.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Revenue:$3.98 billion (2017)[16]
Expenses:$7.66 billion (2017)
Aid:$3.68 billion (2017)
Credit:Standard & Poor's

B[17]

Reserves: $3.654 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
Cianame:Uganda
Spelling:Oxford or US spells 'z', US '-or'; 's', '-our' spelling by default
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The economy of Uganda has great potential and appears poised for rapid growth and development.[18] Uganda is endowed with significant natural resources, including ample fertile land, regular rainfall, and mineral deposits.

Chronic political instability and erratic economic management since the implementation of self-rule has produced a record of persistent economic decline that has left Uganda among of the world's poorest and least-developed countries.[19] The informal economy, which is predominantly female, is broadly defined as a group of vulnerable individuals without protections in regards to their work.[20] Women face a plethora of barriers specific to gender when attempting to access the formal economy of Uganda, and research revealed prejudice against lending to women in the informal sector.[21] [22] The national energy needs have historically exceeded the domestic energy generation, though large petroleum reserves have been found in the country's west.[23]

After the turmoil of the Amin period, the country began a program of economic recovery in 1981 that received considerable foreign assistance. From mid-1984 onward, overly expansionist fiscal and monetary policies and the renewed outbreak of civil strife led to a setback in economic performance.[24]

The economy has grown since the 1990s; real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average of 6.7% annually during the period 1990–2015,[25] whereas real GDP per capita grew at 3.3% per annum during the same period.[25] During this period, the Ugandan economy experienced economic transformation: the share of agriculture value added in GDP declined from 56% in 1990 to 24% in 2015; the share of industry grew from 11% to 20% (with manufacturing increasing at a slower pace, from 6% to 9% of GDP); and the share of services went from 32% to 55%.[25]

International trade and finance

Since assuming power in early 1986, Museveni's government has taken important steps toward economic rehabilitation. The country's infrastructure, notably its transport and communications systems which were destroyed by war and neglect, is being rebuilt. Recognizing the need for increased external support, Uganda negotiated a policy framework paper with the IMF and the World Bank in 1987. Uganda subsequently began implementing economic policies designed to restore price stability and sustainable balance of payments, improve capacity utilization, rehabilitate infrastructure, restore producer incentives through proper price policies, and improve resource mobilization and allocation in the public sector. These so-called Structural Adjustment Programs greatly improved the shape of the Ugandan economy, but did not lead to economic growth in the first decade after their implementation. Since 1995, Uganda has experienced rapid economic growth, but it is not clear to what extent this positive development can be attributed to Structural Adjustment.[26] Uganda is a member of the World Trade Organization, since 1 January 1995 and a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, from 25 October 1962.[27]

Currency

See main article: Ugandan shilling. Uganda began issuing its own currency in 1966 through the Bank of Uganda.[28]

Agriculture

See main article: Agriculture in Uganda.

See also: Fishing in Uganda, Forestry in Uganda and Dairy industry in Uganda.

Agricultural products supply a significant portion of Uganda's foreign exchange earnings, with coffee alone, of which Uganda is Africa's second largest producer after Ethiopia,[29] accounting for about 17% of the country's exports in 2017 and earning the country US$545 million.[29] Exports of apparel, hides, skins, vanilla, vegetables, fruits, cut flowers, and fish are growing, while cotton, tea, and tobacco continue to be mainstays.[30]

Uganda produced in 2018:

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, like cotton (87 thousand tons), tea (62 thousand tons), tobacco (35 thousand tons) and cocoa (27 thousand tons).[31]

Transportation

See main article: Transport in Uganda. As of 2017, Uganda had about 130000km (80,000miles) of roads, with approximately 5300km (3,300miles) (4 percent) paved.[32] Most paved roads radiate from Kampala, the country's capital and largest city.[33]

As of 2017, Uganda's metre gauge railway network measures about 1250km (780miles) in length. Of this, about 56% (700km (400miles)), is operational. A railroad originating at Mombasa on the Indian Ocean connects with Tororo, where it branches westward to Jinja, Kampala, and Kasese and northward to Mbale, Soroti, Lira, Gulu, and Pakwach. The only railway line still operating, however, is the one to Kampala.[32]

Uganda's important link to the port of Mombasa is now mainly by road, which serves its transport needs and also those of neighboring Rwanda, Burundi, parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Sudan.[34]

An international airport is at Entebbe on the northern shores of Lake Victoria, about 41km (25miles) south of Kampala.[35] In January 2018, the government of Uganda began the construction of Kabaale International Airport, in the Western Region of Uganda. This will be Uganda's second international airport, which is planned to facilitate the construction of an oil refinery and boost tourism.[36]

The transport union Amalgamated Transport and General Workers Union (ATWGU) is one of the more powerful trade unions in the country with about 100,000 members, many of whom are informal workers.[37]

Communications

See main article: Communications in Uganda.

See also: List of mobile network operators in Uganda.

The Uganda Communications Commission regulates communications, primarily "delivered through an enabled private sector." The companies it regulates include television networks, radio stations, mobile network operators, and fixed-line telephone companies.[38]

Mining and petroleum

See main article: Mining industry of Uganda. Uganda's predominant mineral occurrences are gold, tungsten, tin, beryl, and tantalite in the south; tungsten, clay, and granite between latitude zero and two degrees north; and gold, mica, copper, limestone, and iron in the north.[39]

In late 2012, the government of Uganda was taken to court over value added tax that it placed on goods and services purchased by Tullow Oil, a foreign oil company operating in the country at the time.[40] The court case was heard at an international court based in the United States. The Ugandan government insisted that Tullow could not claim taxes on supplies as recoverable costs before oil production starts.[41] Sources from within the government reveal that the main concern at present is the manner in which millions of dollars have been lost in the past decade, money that could allegedly have stayed in Uganda for investment in the public sector; a Global Financial Integrity report recently revealed that illicit money flows from Uganda between 2001 and 2012 totalled $680 million.[41] Tullow Oil was represented in the court case by Kampala Associated Advocates, whose founder is Elly Kurahanga, the President of Tullow Uganda.[40] A partner at Kampala Associated Advocates, Peter Kabatsi, was also Uganda's solicitor general between 1990 and 2002, and he has denied claims that he negotiated contracts with foreign oil firms during his time in this role.[40]

In June 2015, the Ugandan government and Tullow Oil settled a longstanding dispute regarding the amount of certain capital gains taxes that the company owed to the government.[42] The government claimed that the company owed US$435 million.[43] The claim, however, was settled for US$250 million.[42]

In April 2018, the government signed agreements with Albertine Graben Refinery Consortium, an International consortium led by General Electric of the United States, to build a 60,000 barrels-per-day Uganda Oil Refinery in Western Uganda. The cost of the development is budgeted at about US$4 billion.[44] [45]

GDP per capita

GDP per capita (PPP) according to Madisson

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color:barra width:20 align:center bar:1950 from:800 till: 1095 bar:1951 from:800 till: 1023 bar:1952 from:800 till: 1058 bar:1953 from:800 till: 1076 bar:1954 from:800 till: 1033 bar:1955 from:800 till: 1071 bar:1956 from:800 till: 1100 bar:1957 from:800 till: 1116 bar:1958 from:800 till: 1092 bar:1959 from:800 till: 1116 bar:1960 from:800 till: 1137 bar:1961 from:800 till: 1093 bar:1962 from:800 till: 1106 bar:1963 from:800 till: 1197 bar:1964 from:800 till: 1251 bar:1965 from:800 till: 1242 bar:1966 from:800 till: 1280 bar:1967 from:800 till: 1310 bar:1968 from:800 till: 1304 bar:1969 from:800 till: 1404 bar:1970 from:800 till: 1382 bar:1971 from:800 till: 1385 bar:1972 from:800 till: 1364 bar:1973 from:800 till: 1331 bar:1974 from:800 till: 1302 bar:1975 from:800 till: 1243 bar:1976 from:800 till: 1219 bar:1977 from:800 till: 1207 bar:1978 from:800 till: 1111 bar:1979 from:800 till: 966 bar:1980 from:800 till: 912 bar:1981 from:800 till: 923 bar:1982 from:800 till: 972 bar:1983 from:800 till: 1014 bar:1984 from:800 till: 897 bar:1985 from:800 till: 886 bar:1986 from:800 till: 858 bar:1987 from:800 till: 877 bar:1988 from:800 till: 902 bar:1989 from:800 till: 929 bar:1990 from:800 till: 932 bar:1991 from:800 till: 915 bar:1992 from:800 till: 935 bar:1993 from:800 till: 959 bar:1994 from:800 till: 995 bar:1995 from:800 till: 1055 bar:1996 from:800 till: 1092 bar:1997 from:800 till: 1108 bar:1998 from:800 till: 1138 bar:1999 from:800 till: 1185 bar:2000 from:800 till: 1192 bar:2001 from:800 till: 1256 bar:2002 from:800 till: 1301 bar:2003 from:800 till: 1335 bar:2004 from:800 till: 1365 bar:2005 from:800 till: 1451 PlotData=

bar:1950 at:1095 fontsize:S text:1,095 shift:(0,5) bar:1951 at:1023 fontsize:S text:1,023 shift:(0,5) bar:1952 at:1058 fontsize:S text:1,058 shift:(0,4) bar:1953 at:1076 fontsize:S text:1,076 shift:(0,1) bar:1954 at:1033 fontsize:S text:1,033 shift:(0,5) bar:1955 at:1071 fontsize:S text:1,071 shift:(0,2) bar:1956 at:1100 fontsize:S text:1,100 shift:(0,5) bar:1957 at:1116 fontsize:S text:1,116 shift:(0,5) bar:1958 at:1092 fontsize:S text:1,092 shift:(0,5) bar:1959 at:1116 fontsize:S text:1,116 shift:(0,5) bar:1960 at:1137 fontsize:S text:1,137 shift:(0,5) bar:1961 at:1093 fontsize:S text:1,093 shift:(0,5) bar:1962 at:1106 fontsize:S text:1,106 shift:(0,5) bar:1963 at:1197 fontsize:S text:1,197 shift:(0,5) bar:1964 at:1251 fontsize:S text:1,251 shift:(0,5) bar:1965 at:1242 fontsize:S text:1,242 shift:(0,5) bar:1966 at:1280 fontsize:S text:1,280 shift:(0,7) bar:1967 at:1310 fontsize:S text:1,310 shift:(0,6) bar:1968 at:1304 fontsize:S text:1,304 shift:(0,6) bar:1969 at:1404 fontsize:S text:1,404 shift:(0,5) bar:1970 at:1382 fontsize:S text:1,382 shift:(0,6) bar:1971 at:1385 fontsize:S text:1,385 shift:(0,6) bar:1972 at:1364 fontsize:S text:1,364 shift:(0,4) bar:1973 at:1331 fontsize:S text:1,331 shift:(0,4) bar:1974 at:1302 fontsize:S text:1,302 shift:(0,5) bar:1975 at:1243 fontsize:S text:1,243 shift:(0,5) bar:1976 at:1219 fontsize:S text:1,219 shift:(0,5) bar:1977 at:1207 fontsize:S text:1,207 shift:(0,5) bar:1978 at:1111 fontsize:S text:1,111 shift:(0,5) bar:1979 at:966 fontsize:S text:966 shift:(0,4) bar:1980 at:912 fontsize:S text:912 shift:(0,5) bar:1981 at:923 fontsize:S text:923 shift:(0,5) bar:1982 at:972 fontsize:S text:972 shift:(0,3) bar:1983 at:1014 fontsize:S text:1,014 shift:(0,5) bar:1984 at:897 fontsize:S text:897 shift:(0,5) bar:1985 at:886 fontsize:S text:886 shift:(0,6) bar:1986 at:858 fontsize:S text:858 shift:(0,4) bar:1987 at:877 fontsize:S text:877 shift:(0,5) bar:1988 at:902 fontsize:S text:902 shift:(0,5) bar:1989 at:929 fontsize:S text:929 shift:(0,5) bar:1990 at:932 fontsize:S text:932 shift:(0,5) bar:1991 at:915 fontsize:S text:915 shift:(0,5) bar:1992 at:935 fontsize:S text:935 shift:(0,5) bar:1993 at:959 fontsize:S text:959 shift:(0,5) bar:1994 at:995 fontsize:S text:995 shift:(0,5) bar:1995 at:1055 fontsize:S text:1,055 shift:(0,5) bar:1996 at:1092 fontsize:S text:1,092 shift:(0,5) bar:1997 at:1108 fontsize:S text:1,108 shift:(0,5) bar:1998 at:1138 fontsize:S text:1,138 shift:(0,5) bar:1999 at:1185 fontsize:S text:1,185 shift:(0,6) bar:2000 at:1192 fontsize:S text:1,192 shift:(0,6) bar:2001 at:1256 fontsize:S text:1,256 shift:(0,5) bar:2002 at:1301 fontsize:S text:1,301 shift:(0,5) bar:2003 at:1335 fontsize:S text:1,335 shift:(0,5) bar:2004 at:1365 fontsize:S text:1,365 shift:(0,4) bar:2005 at:1451 fontsize:S text:1,451 shift:(0,5)

Source: Maddison Historical Statistics Project [46]

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BarData= bar:1985 text:1985 bar:1986 text:1986 bar:1987 text:1987 bar:1988 text:1988 bar:1989 text:1989 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:1992 text:1992 bar:1993 text:1993 bar:1994 text:1994 bar:1995 text:1995 bar:1996 text:1996 bar:1997 text:1997 bar:1998 text:1998 bar:1999 text:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2002 text:2002 bar:2003 text:2003 bar:2004 text:2004 bar:2005 text:2005 bar:2006 text:2006 bar:2007 text:2007 bar:2008 text:2008 bar:2009 text:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 text:2011 bar:2012 text:2012 bar:2013 text:2013 bar:2014 text:2014 bar:2015 text:2015 bar:2016 text:2016 bar:2017 text:2017 bar:2018 text:2018 bar:2019 text:2019 bar:2020 text:2020 bar:2021 text:2021 bar:2022 text:2022 bar:2023 text:2023 bar:2024 text:2024 bar:2025 text:2025 bar:2026 text:2026 bar:2027 text:2027 bar:2028 text:2028 bar:2029 text:2029 bar:2030 text:2030 bar:2031 text:2031 bar:2032 text:2032 bar:2033 text:2033 bar:2034 text:2034 bar:2035 text:2035 bar:2036 text:2036 bar:2037 text:2037 bar:2038 text:2038 bar:2039 text:2039 bar:2040 text:2040 PlotData=

color:barra width:20 align:center bar:1985 from:600 till: 886 bar:1986 from:600 till: 858 bar:1987 from:600 till: 877 bar:1988 from:600 till: 902 bar:1989 from:600 till: 929 bar:1990 from:600 till: 932 bar:1991 from:600 till: 915 bar:1992 from:600 till: 935 bar:1993 from:600 till: 959 bar:1994 from:600 till: 995 bar:1995 from:600 till: 1055 bar:1996 from:600 till: 1092 bar:1997 from:600 till: 1108 bar:1998 from:600 till: 1138 bar:1999 from:600 till: 1185 bar:2000 from:600 till: 1192 bar:2001 from:600 till: 1256 bar:2002 from:600 till: 1301 bar:2003 from:600 till: 1335 bar:2004 from:600 till: 1365 bar:2005 from:600 till: 1451 bar:2006 from:600 till: 1501 bar:2007 from:600 till: 1570 bar:2008 from:600 till: 1679 bar:2009 from:600 till: 1757 bar:2010 from:600 till: 1831 bar:2011 from:600 till: 1890 bar:2012 from:600 till: 1877 bar:2013 from:600 till: 1889 bar:2014 from:600 till: 1923 bar:2015 from:600 till: 1954 bar:2016 from:600 till: 1980 bar:2017 from:600 till: 1992 bar:2018 from:600 till: 2045 bar:2019 bar:2020 bar:2021 bar:2022 bar:2023 bar:2024 bar:2025 bar:2026 bar:2027 bar:2028 bar:2029 bar:2030 bar:2031 bar:2032 bar:2033 bar:2034 bar:2035 bar:2036 bar:2037 bar:2038 bar:2039 bar:2040 PlotData=

bar:1985 at:886 fontsize:S text:886 shift:(0,4) bar:1986 at:858 fontsize:S text:858 shift:(0,4) bar:1987 at:877 fontsize:S text:877 shift:(0,4) bar:1988 at:902 fontsize:S text:902 shift:(0,4) bar:1989 at:929 fontsize:S text:929 shift:(0,2) bar:1990 at:932 fontsize:S text:932 shift:(0,2) bar:1991 at:915 fontsize:S text:915 shift:(0,4) bar:1992 at:935 fontsize:S text:935 shift:(0,2) bar:1993 at:959 fontsize:S text:959 shift:(0,6) bar:1994 at:995 fontsize:S text:995 shift:(0,5) bar:1995 at:1055 fontsize:S text:1,055 shift:(0,4) bar:1996 at:1092 fontsize:S text:1,092 shift:(0,4) bar:1997 at:1108 fontsize:S text:1,108 shift:(0,4) bar:1998 at:1138 fontsize:S text:1,138 shift:(0,3) bar:1999 at:1185 fontsize:S text:1,185 shift:(0,5) bar:2000 at:1192 fontsize:S text:1,192 shift:(0,5) bar:2001 at:1256 fontsize:S text:1,256 shift:(0,5) bar:2002 at:1301 fontsize:S text:1,301 shift:(0,5) bar:2003 at:1335 fontsize:S text:1,335 shift:(0,3) bar:2004 at:1365 fontsize:S text:1,365 shift:(0,5) bar:2005 at:1451 fontsize:S text:1,451 shift:(0,5) bar:2006 at:1501 fontsize:S text:1,501 shift:(0,5) bar:2007 at:1570 fontsize:S text:1,570 shift:(0,5) bar:2008 at:1679 fontsize:S text:1,679 shift:(0,3) bar:2009 at:1757 fontsize:S text:1,757 shift:(0,1) bar:2010 at:1831 fontsize:S text:1,831 shift:(0,5) bar:2011 at:1890 fontsize:S text:1,890 shift:(0,5) bar:2012 at:1877 fontsize:S text:1,877 shift:(0,4) bar:2013 at:1889 fontsize:S text:1,889 shift:(0,5) bar:2014 at:1923 fontsize:S text:1,923 shift:(0,4) bar:2015 at:1954 fontsize:S text:1,954 shift:(0,2) bar:2016 at:1980 fontsize:S text:1,980 shift:(0,6) bar:2017 at:1992 fontsize:S text:1,992 shift:(0,7) bar:2018 at:2045 fontsize:S text:2,045 shift:(0,6) bar:2019 bar:2020 bar:2021 bar:2022 bar:2023 bar:2024 bar:2025 bar:2026 bar:2027 bar:2028 bar:2029 bar:2030 bar:2031 bar:2032 bar:2033 bar:2034 bar:2035 bar:2036 bar:2037 bar:2038 bar:2039 bar:2040 Source: Maddison Historical Statistics Project [46]

Women in the Economy

The agriculture sector of the Ugandan economy, which composes roughly 40% of the country's GDP, is largely fulfilled by women laborers, especially in managing products, marketing, and the crop sub-sector.[47] 76% of women work in the agriculture sector and roughly 66% of men do, and women provide for 80% of food crops and 60% of traditional exports such as coffee or tea. In the formal, non-agricultural economy, men constitute 61% of the workforce, whereas women predominate the informal economy, and this can be attributed to the lack of equity between men and women in the country. The Uganda Bureau of Statistics reported, when looking at the urban workforce in 2015, 88.6% of women were employed informally, and 84.2% of men were.[48] Women are unable to enter into certain sectors, especially in the formal economy, due to the inability to provide substantial initial funding, and remain in the trade and service sectors of the economy. Comparatively, men dominate the more profitable sectors, such as manufacturing. Women traders make up 70% of those in markets and 40% in shops in addition to dominating other sectors such as the service industry, crafts, and tailoring.[49]

Women are often undervalued in data compilation, particularly when considering their role in their domestic home lives. For example, women commonly match the contribution of their husbands to their familial income, if not provide more, when taking into consideration the value of their labor and the profits made from selling excess food. Urban women on average earn between 50% and 70% of a household's income.[49] Women are also discredited in data collection due to biases of data collectors resulting in inaccurate reports, as well as income being measured per house, rather than separating by gender. The barriers women face in furthering their entrepreneurial careers are different from those faced by men; this is inherent in the biased culture and institutions plaguing Uganda despite the passing of somewhat progressive policies, especially with the 1985 transition of government to the National Resistance Movement party.[50]

Data

YearGDP(in bil. US$ PPP)GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)GDP(in bil. US$ nominal)GDP growth(real)Inflation rate(in Percent)Government debt(in % of GDP)
19805.95257.5-3.4%99.2%n/a
19816.758012.13.9%100.0%n/a
19827.76468.48.2%100.0%n/a
19838.46839.64.9%150.0%n/a
19848.56657.4-3.0%16.7%n/a
19858.56446.8-3.0%100.0%n/a
19868.76406.70.9%143.8%n/a
19879.365710.94.0%215.4%n/a
198810.471011.38.3%166.7%n/a
198911.57579.16.4%130.8%n/a
199012.78077.56.5%45.4%n/a
199113.48203.91.8%20.8%n/a
199214.58603.65.9%42.2%n/a
199315.89084.36.7%30.0%n/a
199417.49676.27.7%5.9%n/a
199519.41,0457.59.2%6.8%n/a
199621.11,0987.76.6%7.5%n/a
199722.41,1328.44.6%7.7%44.2%
199824.11,1778.26.1%5.8%45.1%
199926.41,2497.88.0%5.8%47.7%
200028.01,2847.83.9%3.4%48.5%
200131.21,3837.88.8%1.9%51.4%
200233.91,4568.47.1%-0.3%54.7%
200336.71,5218.76.2%8.7%55.1%
200439.81,59710.85.8%3.7%49.0%
200545.21,75312.510.0%8.6%42.6%
200649.91,87014.17.0%7.2%27.8%
200755.42,00617.58.1%6.1%17.0%
200862.32,18122.410.4%12.0%15.7%
200967.82,29424.18.1%13.0%14.8%
201073.72,41624.77.5%4.0%18.4%
201181.02,57027.57.7%18.7%18.0%
201277.22,37330.92.3%14.0%19.5%
201380.32,39532.33.9%5.5%22.1%
201484.12,44134.85.7%4.3%24.8%
201585.42,40629.88.0%3.7%28.5%
201686.22,35930.60.2%5.2%31.0%
201789.82,38431.66.8%5.6%33.6%
201897.02,49834.15.5%2.5%34.9%
2019106.42,67337.97.8%2.1%37.6%
2020106.22,57737.9-1.4%2.8%46.3%
2021118.02,78042.76.7%2.2%51.8%
Source: IMF[51]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 . . IMF.org . 29 September 2019.
  2. Web site: World Bank Country and Lending Groups . . datahelpdesk.worldbank.org . 29 September 2019.
  3. Web site: World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 . . IMF.org . 27 February 2020.
  4. Web site: Global Economic Prospects, January 2020 : Slow Growth, Policy Challenges . 147 . . openknowledge.worldbank.org . 22 January 2020.
  5. Web site: Uganda central bank lowers key lending rate to 9.5 percent . 8 June 2018 . 3 October 2017 . . Elias . Biryabarema.
  6. Web site: AFRICA :: UGANDA . CIA.gov . . 29 January 2020.
  7. Web site: Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Uganda . data.worldbank.org . World Bank . 29 January 2020.
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