| Eastern Visayas | |||||
| Native Name: | Sinirangan Kabisay-an Sidlakang Kabisay-an Silangang Kabisayaan | ||||
| Settlement Type: | Region | ||||
| Flag Size: | 120x80px | ||||
| Seal Size: | 100x80px | ||||
| Subdivision Type: | Country | ||||
| Subdivision Type1: | Island group | ||||
| Subdivision Name1: | Visayas | ||||
| Seat Type: | Regional center | ||||
| Seat: | Tacloban | ||||
| Population Density Km2: | auto | ||||
| Timezone: | PST | ||||
| Utc Offset: | +8 | ||||
| Iso Code: | PH-08 | ||||
| Blank Name Sec1: | Provinces | ||||
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Independent cities | ||||
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | Component cities | ||||
| Blank3 Name Sec1: | Municipalities | ||||
| Blank3 Info Sec1: | 136 | ||||
| Blank4 Name Sec1: | Barangays | ||||
| Blank4 Info Sec1: | 4,390 | ||||
| Blank5 Name Sec1: | Cong. districts | ||||
| Blank5 Info Sec1: | 12 | ||||
| Blank Name Sec2: | Languages | ||||
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | GDP (2023) | ||||
| Blank1 Info Sec2: | ₱568.7 billion $10.22 billion[1] | ||||
| Blank2 Name Sec2: | Growth rate | ||||
| Blank2 Info Sec2: | (6.4%) | ||||
| Blank3 Name Sec2: | HDI | ||||
| Blank3 Info Sec2: | 0.697 | ||||
| Blank4 Name Sec2: | HDI rank | ||||
| Blank4 Info Sec2: | 11th in the Philippines (2019) | ||||
| Elevation Max Point: | Alto Peak | ||||
| Elevation Max M: | 1325 | ||||
| Image Map1: |
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Eastern Visayas (Waray: Sinirangan Kabisay-an; Cebuano: Sidlakang Kabisay-an; Tagalog: Silangang Kabisayaan or Silangang Visayas) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region VIII. It consists of three main islands: Samar, Leyte, and Biliran. The region has six provinces: Biliran, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar, Eastern Samar, Southern Leyte, one independent city, Ormoc, and one highly urbanized city, Tacloban (its regional center and largest city).[2] The highly urbanized city of Tacloban is the sole regional center. These provinces and cities occupy the easternmost islands of the Visayas group of islands, hence the region's name.
Eastern Visayas faces the Philippine Sea to the east. The region's most famous landmark is the San Juanico Bridge, which links the islands of Samar and Leyte. As of 2020, the Eastern Visayas region has a population of 4,547,150 inhabitants, making it the least populous region in the Visayas.
The current name of the region was derived from the position of its islands, which are all situated in the easternmost part of the Visayas.
Eastern Visayas lies on the east-central section of the Philippine archipelago. It consists of three main islands, Leyte, Biliran, and Samar, which form the easternmost coasts of the archipelago. It is bounded on the east and north by the Philippine Sea with the San Bernardino Strait separating Samar from southeastern Luzon; on the west by the Camotes and Visayan seas, and on the south by the Bohol Sea with the Surigao Strait separating Leyte from northeastern Mindanao. It has a total land area of or 7.2% of the country's total land area.[3] 52% of its total land area is classified as forestland and 48% as alienable and disposable land.
There are two types of climate prevailing in the region under the Coronas system of classification: Type II and Type IV. Type II climate is characterized by having no dry season but a pronounced maximum rainfall from November to January. Samar Island and the eastern part of Leyte Island fall under this type of climate. Type IV, on the other hand, has an even distribution of rainfall year-round and a short period of dry season that can be observed starting in February up to May. This type of climate is well exhibited in the western half of Leyte Island and in some portions of Samar, which covers the municipality of Motiong up to San Isidro in Northern Samar.
As the region directly faces the Philippine Sea, typhoons coming from the east frequently strike the region, often at their peak intensities. This, along with the Bicol Region, are the most typhoon-prone areas in the Philippines. In 2013, the region was struck by Typhoon Haiyan, locally known as Super Typhoon Yolanda, which later became the deadliest and most destructive typhoon to hit the Philippines in the satellite era.
The region's sea and inland waters are rich sources of salt, freshwater fish, and other marine products. It is one of the main fish-exporting regions of the country. There are substantial forest reserves in the interiors of the islands. Its mineral deposits include chromite, uranium (in Samar), gold, silver, manganese, magnesium, bronze, nickel, clay, coal, limestone, pyrite and sand and gravel. It also has abundant geothermal energy and water resources to support the needs of medium and heavy industries.
Eastern Visayas consists of 6 provinces, 1 highly urbanized city, 1 independent component city, 5 component cities, 136 municipalities and 4,390 barangays.
| Province | Capital | Population | Area[4] | Density | Cities | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km2 | sq mi | /km2 | /sq mi | ||||||
| Biliran | Naval | 536.01km2 | NaN179312/536.01 | 0 | 8 | 132 | |||
| Eastern Samar | Borongan City | 4617.16km2 | NaN477168/4,617.16 | 1 | 22 | 597 | |||
| Leyte | Tacloban | 6335.44km2 | NaN1776847/6,335.44 | 3 | 40 | 1,503 | |||
| Northern Samar | Catarman | 3694.96km2 | NaN639186/3,694.96 | 0 | 24 | 569 | |||
| Samar | Catbalogan City | 6048.03km2 | NaN793183/6,048.03 | 2 | 24 | 951 | |||
| Southern Leyte | Maasin City | 1801.46km2 | NaN429573/1,801.46 | 1 | 18 | 500 | |||
| Tacloban | † | — | 201.72km2 | NaN251881/201.72 | — | — | 138 | ||
| Total | 4,547,150 | 23,234.78 | 23234.78km2 | NaNPD/km2NaNPD/km2 | 7 | 136 | 4,390 | ||
Tacloban is a highly-urbanized city; figures are excluded from Leyte province.
|
| width=140 | Province | width=150 | Image | width=235 | Governor | width=120 colspan=2 | Political Party | width=150 | Vice Governor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| align=center | Gerard Roger Espina | Brigido Caneja III | |||||||
| align=center | Ben Evardone | Maria Caridad Goteesan | |||||||
| align=center | Jericho Petilla | Leonardo Javier Jr. | |||||||
| align=center | Edwin Ongchuan | Clarence Dato | |||||||
| align=center | Sharee Ann Tan | Arnold Vasquez Tan | |||||||
| align=center | Damian Mercado | Rosa Emilia Mercado |
| City | Population | Area[5] | Density | City class | Income class | Founding year | Province | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baybay | 111,848 | 459.34km2 | NaN111848/459.34 | Component | 4th | 1620 (cityhood: 2007) | Leyte | |
| Borongan | 71,961 | 475km2 | NaN71961/475.00 | Component | 5th | 1619 (cityhood: 2007) | Eastern Samar | |
| Calbayog | 186,960 | 880.74km2 | NaN186960/880.74 | Component | 1st | 1785 (cityhood: 1948) | Samar | |
| Catbalogan | 106,440 | 274.22km2 | NaN106440/274.22 | Component | 5th | 1596 (cityhood: 2007) | Samar | |
| Maasin | 87,446 | 211.71km2 | NaN87446/211.71 | Component | 4th | 1770 (cityhood: 2000) | Southern Leyte | |
| Ormoc | 230,998 | 613.6km2 | NaN230998/613.60 | Independent component | 1st | 1834 (cityhood: 1947) | Leyte | |
| † Tacloban | 251,881 | 201.72km2 | NaN251881/201.72 | Highly urbanized | 1st | 1770 (cityhood: 1953) | Leyte |
The native languages of Eastern Visayas are:
Eastern Visayas is primarily an agricultural region with rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane and banana as its major crops.
Primary sources of revenue are manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade and services. Mining, farming, fishing and tourism contribute significantly to the economy. Manufacturing firms include mining companies, fertilizer plants, sugar central, rice and corn mills and other food processing plants. Tacloban is the hub of investment, trade and development in the region.
Other industries include coconut oil extraction, alcohol distilling, beverage manufacture and forest products. Home industries include hat and basket weaving, metal craft, needlecraft, pottery, ceramics, woodcraft, shell craft and bamboo craft.
Tinikling, the Philippines' national dance is folkdance that originated from the region. But the most popular cultural dance among Waraynons is the Kuratsa, danced during feast celebrations and special gatherings. The Leyte Kalipayan Dance Company, a local cultural group, held highly successful performances around the world.
Waray people are music lovers whose folkloric music are mostly ballads in form, famous of which is Iroy nga Tuna (Motherland), a patriotic song.
Since 2018, Eastern Visayas has held the 'Oktubafest' every October to showcase the best local wine made from coconut palm called tuba.[6] [7]
The region's Leyte and Samar islands serve as main link between Luzon and Mindanao by land transport. A total of nine airports, are strategically located in different parts of the six provinces that define the region. Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport in Tacloban is the main gateway by air to the region. There are seaports in Tacloban, Baybay, Catbalogan, Calbayog, Borongan, Allen, Ormoc, Bato, Hilongos, Maasin, Sogod, and Naval.
The Pan-Philippine Highway passes through the entire province, starting from Allen in Northern Samar until Liloan in Southern Leyte, where it continues in Mindanao through a ferry service. The Palo-Carigara-Ormoc road is a spur of the aforementioned highway, connecting Cebu City to the network through a ferry ride from Ormoc.
Bridges connect all the islands in the region. Apart from the famed San Juanico Bridge, which connects the islands of Samar and Leyte, the Biliran Bridge, constructed in 1975, connects Biliran to the island of Leyte. The Wawa Bridge also connects Panaon Island to the island of Leyte.
The region is the top producer of geothermal energy supply in the country. The province of Leyte hosts the biggest geothermal plant in the Philippines. Still, geothermal exploration is ongoing in the nearby province of Biliran. With abundance of river system, the region has potential in hydroelectric production. The strait of San Juanico between Leyte and Samar islands has been declared as potential source for water current and tidal energy sources.
Eastern Visayas is home to several state universities, including the prestigious University of the Philippines Tacloban College. The region is also home to the University of Eastern Philippines (UEP), located in Catarman, Northern Samar, which holds the most number of baccalaureate and post-baccalaureate courses among universities in the region.
The Zonal Agricultural University for the Visayas under the National Agriculture Education System concept, Visayas State University (VSU) is also in the region, located in Baybay. Also, the region is home to Palompon Institute of Technology, a maritime school in the Philippines providing deck and engine cadet. Its main campus is located in the municipality of Palompon, Leyte province.
The Eastern Visayas State University is Leyte's state university with five extension campuses. Southern Leyte State University with five extension campuses, is the only state university in the province of Southern Leyte. In Biliran, Naval State University is the province state university. For Eastern Samar, the Eastern Samar State University is the only state university of the province with four extension campus while Samar State University is Samar's state university with two extension campuses. Northwest Samar State University serves Samar Province's first district. For teacher education, the Leyte Normal University specializes in education courses.