EIF2S2 explained

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2 (eIF2β) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2S2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA and binding to a 40S ribosomal subunit. eIF2 is composed of three subunits, alpha (α), beta (β, this article), and gamma (γ), with the protein encoded by this gene representing the beta subunit. The beta subunit catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP, which recycles the eIF2 complex for another round of initiation.^[2]

Regulation

Both eIF2α and eIF2β expression is regulated by the NRF1 transcription factor.^[3]

See also

• eIF2

Further reading

• Welsh GI . Identification of novel phosphorylation sites in the beta-subunit of translation initiation factor eIF-2 . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 201 . 3 . 1279–88 . 1994 . 8024572 . 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1843 . vanc. Price NT . Bladergroen BA . 3 . Bloomberg . G. . Proud . C.G. .
• Brand SR, Kobayashi R, Mathews MB . The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a substrate and inhibitor of the interferon-induced, virally activated protein kinase, PKR . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 13 . 8388–95 . 1997 . 9079663 . 10.1074/jbc.272.13.8388 . free .
• Das S, Maiti T, Das K, Maitra U . Specific interaction of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) with the beta-subunit of eIF2 . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 50 . 31712–8 . 1998 . 9395514 . 10.1074/jbc.272.50.31712 . free .
• Ting NS . DNA-dependent protein kinase interacts with antigen receptor response element binding proteins NF90 and NF45 . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 4 . 2136–45 . 1998 . 9442054 . 10.1074/jbc.273.4.2136 . vanc. Kao PN . Chan DW . 3 . Lintott . LG . Lees-Miller . SP . free.
• Kimball SR, Heinzinger NK, Horetsky RL, Jefferson LS . Identification of interprotein interactions between the subunits of eukaryotic initiation factors eIF2 and eIF2B . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 5 . 3039–44 . 1998 . 9446619 . 10.1074/jbc.273.5.3039 . free .
• Chiorini JA, Miyamoto S, Harkin SJ, Safer B . Genomic cloning and characterization of the human eukaryotic initiation factor-2beta promoter . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 7 . 4195–201 . 1999 . 9933616 . 10.1074/jbc.274.7.4195 . free .
• Cai R . HIV-I TAT inhibits PKR activity by both RNA-dependent and RNA-independent mechanisms . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. . 373 . 2 . 361–7 . 2000 . 10620360 . 10.1006/abbi.1999.1583 . vanc. Carpick B . Chun RF . 3 . Jeang . KT . Williams . BR .
• Ben-Asouli Y, Banai Y, Hauser H, Kaempfer R . Recognition of 5′-terminal TAR structure in human immunodeficiency virus-1 mRNA by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 . Nucleic Acids Res. . 28 . 4 . 1011–8 . 2000 . 10648795 . 10.1093/nar/28.4.1011 . 102579 .
• Das S, Maitra U . Mutational Analysis of Mammalian Translation Initiation Factor 5 (eIF5): Role of Interaction between the β Subunit of eIF2 and eIF5 in eIF5 Function In Vitro and In Vivo . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 20 . 11 . 3942–50 . 2000 . 10805737 . 10.1128/MCB.20.11.3942-3950.2000 . 85746 .
• Gomez E, Pavitt GD . Identification of Domains and Residues within the ɛ Subunit of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2B (eIF2Bɛ) Required for Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Reveals a Novel Activation Function Promoted by eIF2B Complex Formation . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 20 . 11 . 3965–76 . 2000 . 10805739 . 10.1128/MCB.20.11.3965-3976.2000 . 85753 .
• Das S, Ghosh R, Maitra U . Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 functions as a GTPase-activating protein . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 9 . 6720–6 . 2001 . 11092890 . 10.1074/jbc.M008863200 . free .
• Reichman TW, Muñiz LC, Mathews MB . The RNA Binding Protein Nuclear Factor 90 Functions as Both a Positive and Negative Regulator of Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 22 . 1 . 343–56 . 2002 . 11739746 . 10.1128/MCB.22.1.343-356.2002 . 134226 .
• Deloukas P . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20 . Nature . 414 . 6866 . 865–71 . 2002 . 11780052 . 10.1038/414865a . vanc. Matthews LH . Ashurst J . 3 . Burton . J. . Gilbert . J. G. R. . Jones . M. . Stavrides . G. . Almeida . J. P. . Babbage . A. K. . 2001Natur.414..865D . free .
• Kebache S, Zuo D, Chevet E, Larose L . Modulation of protein translation by Nck-1 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 8 . 5406–11 . 2002 . 11959995 . 10.1073/pnas.082483399 . 122782 . 2002PNAS...99.5406K . free .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . vanc. Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Llorens F . Eukaryotic translation-initiation factor eIF2beta binds to protein kinase CK2: effects on CK2alpha activity . Biochem. J. . 375 . Pt 3 . 623–31 . 2004 . 12901717 . 10.1042/BJ20030915 . 1223719 . vanc. Roher N . Miró FA . 3 . Sarno . Stefania . Ruiz . F. Xavier . Meggio . Flavio . Plana . Maria . Pinna . Lorenzo A. . Itarte . Emilio .
• Gerhard DS . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . vanc. Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Andersen JS . Nucleolar proteome dynamics . Nature . 433 . 7021 . 77–83 . 2005 . 15635413 . 10.1038/nature03207 . vanc. Lam YW . Leung AK . 3 . Ong . Shao-En . Lyon . Carol E. . Lamond . Angus I. . Mann . Matthias . 2005Natur.433...77A . 4344740 .
• Stelzl U . A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome . Cell . 122 . 6 . 957–68 . 2005 . 16169070 . 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 . vanc. Worm U . Lalowski M . 3 . Haenig . Christian . Brembeck . Felix H. . Goehler . Heike . Stroedicke . Martin . Zenkner . Martina . Schoenherr . Anke . 11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 . 8235923 . free .

Notes and References

1. Pathak VK, Nielsen PJ, Trachsel H, Hershey JW . Structure of the beta subunit of translational initiation factor eIF-2 . Cell . 54 . 5 . 633–9 . Sep 1988 . 3044606 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(88)80007-2 . 54414457 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: EIF2S2 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 2 beta, 38kDa.
3. Chiorini JA, Miyamoto S, Harkin SJ, Safer B . Genomic cloning and characterization of the human eukaryotic initiation factor-2beta promoter . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 7 . 4195–201 . February 1999 . 9933616 . 10.1074/jbc.274.7.4195 . free .