DCTN2 explained

Dynactin subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCTN2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

This gene encodes a 50-kD subunit of dynactin, a macromolecular complex consisting of 23 subunits (11 individual proteins ranging in size from 22 to 150 kD).^[3] The subunit is commonly referred to as p50 or dynamitin. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. It is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. This subunit is present in four copies per dynactin molecule. It contains three short alpha-helical coiled-coil domains that bind to two copies of p150-glued (DCTN1) and two copies of p24 (DCTN3) to form the dynactin shoulder domain.

Interactions

DCTN2 has been shown to interact with MARCKSL1.^[4]

References

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . January 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . October 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Starr DA, Williams BC, Hays TS, Goldberg ML . ZW10 helps recruit dynactin and dynein to the kinetochore . The Journal of Cell Biology . 142 . 3 . 763–74 . August 1998 . 9700164 . 2148168 . 10.1083/jcb.142.3.763 .
• Berrueta L, Tirnauer JS, Schuyler SC, Pellman D, Bierer BE . The APC-associated protein EB1 associates with components of the dynactin complex and cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain . Current Biology . 9 . 8 . 425–8 . April 1999 . 10226031 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80190-0 . 14191776 . free . 1999CBio....9..425B .
• Eckley DM, Gill SR, Melkonian KA, Bingham JB, Goodson HV, Heuser JE, Schroer TA . Analysis of dynactin subcomplexes reveals a novel actin-related protein associated with the arp1 minifilament pointed end . The Journal of Cell Biology . 147 . 2 . 307–20 . October 1999 . 10525537 . 2174220 . 10.1083/jcb.147.2.307 .
• Karki S, Tokito MK, Holzbaur EL . A dynactin subunit with a highly conserved cysteine-rich motif interacts directly with Arp1 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 7 . 4834–9 . February 2000 . 10671518 . 10.1074/jbc.275.7.4834 . free .
• Merdes A, Heald R, Samejima K, Earnshaw WC, Cleveland DW . Formation of spindle poles by dynein/dynactin-dependent transport of NuMA . The Journal of Cell Biology . 149 . 4 . 851–62 . May 2000 . 10811826 . 2174573 . 10.1083/jcb.149.4.851 .
• Yue L, Lu S, Garces J, Jin T, Li J . Protein kinase C-regulated dynamitin-macrophage-enriched myristoylated alanine-rice C kinase substrate interaction is involved in macrophage cell spreading . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 31 . 23948–56 . August 2000 . 10827182 . 10.1074/jbc.M001845200 . free .
• Vancoillie G, Lambert J, Haeghen YV, Westbroek W, Mulder A, Koerten HK, Mommaas AM, Van Oostveldt P, Naeyaert JM . Colocalization of dynactin subunits P150Glued and P50 with melanosomes in normal human melanocytes . Pigment Cell Research . 13 . 6 . 449–57 . December 2000 . 11153697 . 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2000.130607.x . free .
• Casper Hoogenraad. Hoogenraad CC, Akhmanova A, Howell SA, Dortland BR, De Zeeuw CI, Willemsen R, Visser P, Grosveld F, Galjart N . Mammalian Golgi-associated Bicaudal-D2 functions in the dynein-dynactin pathway by interacting with these complexes . The EMBO Journal . 20 . 15 . 4041–54 . August 2001 . 11483508 . 149157 . 10.1093/emboj/20.15.4041 .
• Short B, Preisinger C, Schaletzky J, Kopajtich R, Barr FA . The Rab6 GTPase regulates recruitment of the dynactin complex to Golgi membranes . Current Biology . 12 . 20 . 1792–5 . October 2002 . 12401177 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01221-6 . 14031165 . free . 2002CBio...12.1792S .
• Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J . Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides . Nature Biotechnology . 21 . 5 . 566–9 . May 2003 . 12665801 . 10.1038/nbt810 . 23783563 .
• Uetake Y, Terada Y, Matuliene J, Kuriyama R . Interaction of Cep135 with a p50 dynactin subunit in mammalian centrosomes . Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton . 58 . 1 . 53–66 . May 2004 . 14983524 . 10.1002/cm.10175 .
• Brill LM, Salomon AR, Ficarro SB, Mukherji M, Stettler-Gill M, Peters EC . Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry . Analytical Chemistry . 76 . 10 . 2763–72 . May 2004 . 15144186 . 10.1021/ac035352d .
• Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA, Schwartz D, Gygi SP . Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain . Molecular & Cellular Proteomics . 3 . 11 . 1093–101 . November 2004 . 15345747 . 10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200 . free .
• Ficarro SB, Salomon AR, Brill LM, Mason DE, Stettler-Gill M, Brock A, Peters EC . Automated immobilized metal affinity chromatography/nano-liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry platform for profiling protein phosphorylation sites . Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry . 19 . 1 . 57–71 . 2005 . 15570572 . 10.1002/rcm.1746 . 2005RCMS...19...57F .

Notes and References

1. Echeverri CJ, Paschal BM, Vaughan KT, Vallee RB . Molecular characterization of the 50-kD subunit of dynactin reveals function for the complex in chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis . The Journal of Cell Biology . 132 . 4 . 617–33 . February 1996 . 8647893 . 2199864 . 10.1083/jcb.132.4.617 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: DCTN2 dynactin 2 (p50).
3. Urnavicius L, Zhang K, Diamant AG, Motz C, Schlager MA, Yu M, Patel NA, Robinson CV, Carter AP . The structure of the dynactin complex and its interaction with dynein . Science . 347 . 6229 . 1441–1446 . March 2015 . 25814576 . 4413427 . 10.1126/science.aaa4080 . 2015Sci...347.1441U .
4. Yue L, Lu S, Garces J, Jin T, Li J . Protein kinase C-regulated dynamitin-macrophage-enriched myristoylated alanine-rice C kinase substrate interaction is involved in macrophage cell spreading . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 31 . 23948–56 . August 2000 . 10827182 . 10.1074/jbc.M001845200 . free .