Diaphoretickes Explained

Diaphoretickes is a major group of eukaryotic organisms, with over 400,000 species. The majority of the earth's biomass that carries out photosynthesis belongs to Diaphoretickes.[1]

Phylogeny

In 2012 Diaphoretickes received the following phylogenetic definition:

The placement of Hemimastigophora is uncertain. Some studies find it nested within the clades of Diaphoretickes, as the best supported hypothesis[2] or a less-supported one.[3] Others find it to be the sister group of all other Diaphoretickes,[3] which under the branch-based definition falls within Diaphoretickes.

Diaphoretickes includes the following groups:

Taxonomic history

Diaphoretickes was identified by Burki et al. (2008) as the "plants+HC+SAR megagroup".[4] because it included plants (Archaeplastida), haptophytes, cryptomonads, and stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians. Diaphoretickes has been called the SAR/HA Supergroup or "Corticata with Rhizaria".[5] According to this description, it includes most of the species engaging in photosynthesis, except for the Euglenozoa and Cyanobacteria. It includes all Bikonts that are not excavates. The name "Corticata" comes from Cavalier-Smith's hypothesis about the common origin of the cortical alveoli of glaucophytes and alveolates.[6] The megagroup was previously described as the sum of Archaeplastida, Rhizaria, and chromalveolates.[7] However, this description is obsolete, largely due to the discovery that Chromalveolata, a refinement of Chromista, is not monophyletic.[8] [9]

Notes and References

  1. Bar-On YM, Phillips R, Milo R . The biomass distribution on Earth . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 115 . 25 . 6506–6511 . June 2018 . 29784790 . 6016768 . 10.1073/pnas.1711842115 . free .
  2. Yazaki . Euki . Yabuki . Akinori . Imaizumi . Ayaka . Kume . Keitaro . Hashimoto . Tetsuo . Inagaki . Yuji . The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris.. Open Biology . 2022 . 12 . 210376 . 210376 . 10.1098/rsob.210376 . 35414259 . 9006020 . etal. free .
  3. Lax . Gordon . Eglit . Yana . Eme . Laura . Bertrand . Erin M. . Roger . Andrew J. . Simpson . Alastair G.B. . 14 November 2018 . Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes . Nature . 564 . 7736 . 410–414 . 10.1038/s41586-018-0708-8 . 30429611 . 2018Natur.564..410L . 205570993 .
  4. Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Pawlowski J . Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes . Biology Letters . 4 . 4 . 366–369 . August 2008 . 18522922 . 2610160 . 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0224 .
  5. Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE, Snell EA, Berney C, Fiore-Donno AM, Lewis R . Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 81 . 71–85 . December 2014 . 25152275 . 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012 . Thomas Cavalier-Smith . free .
  6. Cavalier-Smith T . Thomas Cavalier-Smith . January 2003 . Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa . European Journal of Protistology . 39 . 4 . 338–348 . 10.1078/0932-4739-00002.
  7. Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, Dacks JB, Lang BF, Simpson AG, Roger AJ . Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 106 . 10 . 3859–3864 . March 2009 . 19237557 . 2656170 . 10.1073/pnas.0807880106 . free . 2009PNAS..106.3859H .
  8. Burki . Fabien . Shalchian-Tabrizi . Kamran . Pawlowski . Jan . 2008 . Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes . Biology Letters . 4 . 366–369 . 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0224 . amp . 18522922 . 4 . 2610160 .
  9. 10.1371/journal.pone.0002621 . Jul 2008 . Kim, E. . Graham, LE . Redfield . Rosemary Jeanne . EEF2 analysis challenges the monophyly of Archaeplastida and Chromalveolata. . 3 . 7 . e2621 . 18612431 . 2440802 . PLOS ONE . 2008PLoSO...3.2621K . free .

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