N-Desalkylflurazepam Explained

N-Desalkylflurazepam (also known as norflurazepam) is a benzodiazepine analog and an active metabolite of several other benzodiazepine drugs including flurazepam,[1] flutoprazepam,[2] fludiazepam,[3] midazolam,[4] flutazolam,[5] quazepam,[6] and ethyl loflazepate.[7] [8] It is long-acting, prone to accumulation, and binds unselectively to the various benzodiazepine receptor subtypes. It has been sold as a designer drug from 2016 onward.[9]

Notes and References

  1. Riva R, de Anna M, Albani F, Baruzzi A . Rapid quantitation of flurazepam and its major metabolite, N-desalkylflurazepam, in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection . Journal of Chromatography . 222 . 3 . 491–5 . March 1981 . 7228960 . 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)84153-5 .
  2. Barzaghi N, Leone L, Monteleone M, Tomasini G, Perucca E . Pharmacokinetics of flutoprazepam, a novel benzodiazepine drug, in normal subjects . European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics . 14 . 4 . 293–8 . 1989 . 2633923 . 10.1007/bf03190114 . 20710732 .
  3. Book: Human Toxicology . Descotes J . December 1996 . 43 . Elsevier Science . 1st.
  4. Vogt S, Kempf J, Buttler J, Auwärter V, Weinmann W . Desalkylflurazepam found in patients' samples after high-dose midazolam treatment . Drug Testing and Analysis . 5 . 9–10 . 745–7 . 2013 . 23713025 . 10.1002/dta.1484 . free .
  5. Miyaguchi H, Kuwayama K, Tsujikawa K, Kanamori T, Iwata YT, Inoue H, Kishi T . A method for screening for various sedative-hypnotics in serum by liquid chromatography/single quadrupole mass spectrometry . Forensic Science International . 157 . 1 . 57–70 . February 2006 . 15869852 . 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.03.011 .
  6. Nikaido AM, Ellinwood EH . Comparison of the effects of quazepam and triazolam on cognitive-neuromotor performance . Psychopharmacology . 92 . 4 . 459–64 . 1987 . 2888152 . 10.1007/bf00176478 . 13162524 .
  7. Ba BB, Iliadis A, Cano JP . Pharmacokinetic modeling of ethyl loflazepate (Victan) and its main active metabolites . Annals of Biomedical Engineering . 17 . 6 . 633–46 . 1989 . 2574017 . 10.1007/bf02367467 . 31310535 .
  8. Davi H, Guyonnet J, Necciari J, Cautreels W . Determination of circulating ethyl loflazepate metabolites in the baboon by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography with injection of crude plasma samples: comparison with solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography . Journal of Chromatography . 342 . 1 . 159–65 . July 1985 . 2864352 . 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)84498-9 .
  9. Manchester KR, Maskell PD, Waters L . a and plasma protein binding values for benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances . Drug Testing and Analysis . 10 . 8 . 1258–1269 . March 2018 . 29582576 . 10.1002/dta.2387 .

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