Dentin sialophosphoprotein explained

Dentin sialophosphoprotein
Altnames:	Dentin Phosphophoryn
Symbol:	DSPP
Entrezgene:	1834
Hgncid:	3054
Omim:	125485
Uniprot:	Q9NZW4
Chromosome:	4
Arm:	q
Band:	22.1

Dentin sialophosphoprotein is a precursor protein for other proteins found in the teeth. It is produced by cells (odontoblasts) inside the teeth (dental pulp), and in smaller quantities by bone tissues (osteoblasts and osteocytes). It is required for normal hardening (mineralisation) of teeth. During teeth development, it is broken down into three proteins such as dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP), and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP).^[1] These proteins become the major non-collagenous components of teeth. Their distribution in the collagen matrix of the forming dentin suggests these proteins play an important role in the regulation of mineral deposition. Additional evidence for this correlation is phenotypically manifested in patients with mutant forms of dentin sialophosphoprotein. Such patients suffer dental anomalies including type III dentinogenesis imperfecta.^{[2] [3]}

It is coded by a gene of the same name (dentin sialophosphoprotein, or DSPP) present on human chromosome 4. This gene encodes two principal proteins of the dentin extracellular matrix of the tooth. The preproprotein is secreted by odontoblasts and cleaved into dentin sialoprotein and dentin phosphoprotein. Dentin phosphoprotein is thought to be involved in the biomineralization process of dentin. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta-1; in some individuals, dentinogenesis imperfecta occurs in combination with an autosomal dominant form of deafness. Allelic differences due to repeat polymorphisms have been found for this gene.^[4]

Further reading

• Butler WT . Dentin matrix proteins. . Eur. J. Oral Sci. . 106 . 204–10 . 1998 . Suppl 1 . 9541227 . 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1998.tb02177.x.
• MacDougall M, Simmons D, Luan X . Dentin phosphoprotein and dentin sialoprotein are cleavage products expressed from a single transcript coded by a gene on human chromosome 4. Dentin phosphoprotein DNA sequence determination. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 2 . 835–42 . 1997 . 8995371 . 10.1074/jbc.272.2.835 . etal. free .
• Dean JA, Hartsfield JK, Wright JT, Hart TC . Dentin dysplasia, type II linkage to chromosome 4q. . J. Craniofac. Genet. Dev. Biol. . 17 . 4 . 172–7 . 1998 . 9493074 .
• MacDougall M, Simmons D, Luan X . Assignment of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) to the critical DGI2 locus on human chromosome 4 band q21.3 by in situ hybridization. . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. . 79 . 1–2 . 121–2 . 1998 . 9533027 . 10.1159/000134697 . etal.
• MacDougall M . Refined mapping of the human dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene within the critical dentinogenesis imperfecta type II and dentin dysplasia type II loci. . Eur. J. Oral Sci. . 106 . 227–33 . 1998 . Suppl 1 . 9541230 . 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1998.tb02180.x.
• Gu K, Chang SR, Slaven MS . Human dentin phosphophoryn nucleotide and amino acid sequence. . Eur. J. Oral Sci. . 106 . 6 . 1043–7 . 1999 . 9879917 . 10.1046/j.0909-8836..t01-9-.x . 2027.42/75305 . etal. free .
• Gu K, Chang S, Ritchie HH . Molecular cloning of a human dentin sialophosphoprotein gene. . Eur. J. Oral Sci. . 108 . 1 . 35–42 . 2000 . 10706475 . 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2000.00765.x . 2027.42/71920 . etal. free .
• Buchaille R, Couble ML, Magloire H, Bleicher F . A substractive PCR-based cDNA library from human odontoblast cells: identification of novel genes expressed in tooth forming cells. . Matrix Biol. . 19 . 5 . 421–30 . 2000 . 10980418 . 10.1016/S0945-053X(00)00091-3 .
• Zhang X, Zhao J, Li C . DSPP mutation in dentinogenesis imperfecta Shields type II. . Nat. Genet. . 27 . 2 . 151–2 . 2001 . 11175779 . 10.1038/84765 . 9692054 . etal.
• Xiao S, Yu C, Chou X . Dentinogenesis imperfecta 1 with or without progressive hearing loss is associated with distinct mutations in DSPP. . Nat. Genet. . 27 . 2 . 201–4 . 2001 . 11175790 . 10.1038/84848 . 22276124 . etal.
• Papagerakis P, Berdal A, Mesbah M . Investigation of osteocalcin, osteonectin, and dentin sialophosphoprotein in developing human teeth. . Bone . 30 . 2 . 377–85 . 2002 . 11856645 . 10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00683-4 . etal.
• Qin C, Brunn JC, Cadena E . The expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein gene in bone. . J. Dent. Res. . 81 . 6 . 392–4 . 2002 . 12097430 . 10.1177/154405910208100607 . 6384427 . etal.
• Ogbureke KU, Fisher LW . Expression of SIBLINGs and their partner MMPs in salivary glands. . J. Dent. Res. . 83 . 9 . 664–70 . 2004 . 15329369 . 10.1177/154405910408300902 . 17978869 .
• Jadlowiec J, Koch H, Zhang X . Phosphophoryn regulates the gene expression and differentiation of NIH3T3, MC3T3-E1, and human mesenchymal stem cells via the integrin/MAPK signaling pathway. . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 51 . 53323–30 . 2005 . 15371433 . 10.1074/jbc.M404934200 . etal. free .
• Ogbureke KU, Fisher LW . Renal expression of SIBLING proteins and their partner matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). . Kidney Int. . 68 . 1 . 155–66 . 2005 . 15954904 . 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00389.x . free .
• Paine ML, Luo W, Wang HJ . Dentin sialoprotein and dentin phosphoprotein overexpression during amelogenesis. . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 36 . 31991–8 . 2005 . 16014627 . 10.1074/jbc.M502991200 . etal. free.
• Chaplet M, Waltregny D, Detry C . Expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein in human prostate cancer and its correlation with tumor aggressiveness. . Int. J. Cancer . 118 . 4 . 850–6 . 2006 . 16108038 . 10.1002/ijc.21442 . 12370385 . etal. free .
• Beattie ML, Kim JW, Gong SG . Phenotypic variation in dentinogenesis imperfecta/dentin dysplasia linked to 4q21. . J. Dent. Res. . 85 . 4 . 329–33 . 2006 . 16567553 . 10.1177/154405910608500409 . 2238637. etal.
• Narayanan K, Gajjeraman S, Ramachandran A . Dentin matrix protein 1 regulates dentin sialophosphoprotein gene transcription during early odontoblast differentiation. . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 28 . 19064–71 . 2006 . 16679514 . 10.1074/jbc.M600714200 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Yamamoto. R.. Oida. S.. Yamakoshi. Y.. Dentin Sialophosphoprotein–derived Proteins in the Dental Pulp. Journal of Dental Research. 2015. 94. 8. 1120–1127. 10.1177/0022034515585715. 25951824. 24609252.
2. Letty Moss-Salentijn, Biology of Mineralized Tissue coursenotes, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, 2009
3. Nanci, Antonio. Ten Cate's Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function. 7th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier, 2008. Print.
4. Web site: Entrez Gene: DSPP dentin sialophosphoprotein.