| Ipa Symbol: | ŋ͡ǀ ŋ͡ʇ |
| Ipa Symbol2: | ᵑǀ ᵑʇ |
| Ipa Symbol3: | ǀ̃ ʇ̃ |
| Kirshenbaum: | n! |
| Ipa Symbol: | ɴ͡ǀ ɴ͡ʇ |
| Ipa Symbol2: | ᶰǀ ᶰʇ |
See main article: Dental click and nasal click.
The dental nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa.[1] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal dental click with a velar rear articulation is (IPA|ŋ͡ǀ) or (IPA|ŋ͜ǀ), commonly abbreviated to (IPA|ŋǀ), (IPA|ᵑǀ) or (IPA|ǀ̃); a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is (IPA|ŋ͡ʇ) or (IPA|ŋ͜ʇ), abbreviated (IPA|ŋʇ), (IPA|ᵑʇ) or (IPA|ʇ̃). For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are (IPA|ɴ͡ǀ, ɴ͜ǀ, ɴǀ, ᶰǀ) and (IPA|ɴ͡ʇ, ɴ͜ʇ, ɴʇ, ᶰʇ).Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. (IPA|ǀŋ) or (IPA|ǀᵑ); this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.[2]
Features of the dental nasal click:
Dental nasal clicks are found primarily in the various Khoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring Bantu languages, such as Yeyi and Fwe.[3] [4]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| minca | pronounced as /[miᵑǀa] [miᵑʇa]/ | 'to smack one's lips' | ||
| ǀnam | pronounced as /[ᵑǀȁm̀]/ pronounced as /[ᵑʇȁm̀]/ | 'to love' | ||
| incwancwa | pronounced as /[iᵑǀwáːᵑǀwa] [iᵑʇwáːᵑʇwa]/ | 'sour corn meal' |
| Above: | Glottalized dental nasal velar click |
| Ipa Symbol: | ǀ̃͡ʔ |
| Ipa Symbol2: | ᵑǀ͡ʔ ᵑ̊ǀˀ |
| Ipa Symbol3: | ʇ̃ˀ |
| Ipa Symbol4: | ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ |
See main article: Glottalized click.
All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tacce | pronounced as /[taᵑǀˀe] [taᵑʇˀe]/ | 'rope' | ||
| ǀoroǀoro | pronounced as /[ᵑǀˀòɾőᵑǀˀòɾȍ]/ pronounced as /[ᵑʇˀòɾőᵑʇˀòɾȍ]/ | 'to wear s.t. out' | ||
| Naro | Xgaoc’õ | pronounced as /[ᵏǁχao̯ᵑǀˀõ]/ pronounced as /[ᵏʖχao̯ᵑʇˀõ]/ | (personal name) | |
| umchankcatho | pronounced as /[umᵏǀʰaᵑǀˀatʰo]/ pronounced as /[umᵏʇʰaᵑʇˀatʰo]/ | 'a bridge' |
pronounced as /navigation/