Deep temporal nerves explained

The deep temporal nerves are typically two nerves (one anterior and one posterior) which arise from the mandibular nerve (CN V₃) and provide motor innervation to the temporalis muscle.

Deep temporal nerves
Latin:	nervi temporales profundi
Innervates:	Temporalis, temporomandibular joint
Branchfrom:	Anterior division of mandibular nerve

Structure

Origin

They usually arise from (the anterior division of) the mandibular nerve (CN V₃).^{[1] [2]}

Course

They pass superior to the superior border of the lateral pterygoid muscle. They ascend to the temporal fossa and enter the deep surface of the temporalis muscle.

Distribution

The deep temporal nerves provide motor innervation to the temporalis muscle. The deep temporal nerves also have articular branches which provide a minor contribution to the innervation of the temporomandibular joint.^[3]

Variation

Number

There are usually two deep temporal nerves - the anterior deep temporal nerve and posterior deep temporal nerve. Occasionally, a third one is present - the middle deep temporal nerve.

Origin

The anterior one may arise from the buccal nerve, and the posterior one may arise from the masseteric nerve.

References

1. Book: Sinnatamby, Chummy S. . Last's Anatomy . Elsevier Australia. 2011 . 978-0-7295-3752-0 . 12th . 364.
2. Book: Standring, Susan . Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice . 2020 . 978-0-7020-7707-4 . 42th . New York . 680–680.e1 . 1201341621.
3. Book: Gray, Henry . Gray's Anatomy : The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice . Elsevier . Standring, Susan . 2015 . 978-0-7020-5230-9 . 41 . Philadelphia . 544, 551 . 920806541.