Charley horse explained

Charley horse
Field:Sports medicine

"A charley horse" is an American term for a very painful involuntary cramp in the legs (usually located in the calf muscle) and/or foot, lasting anywhere from a few seconds to a couple days. The phrase formerly referred more commonly to bruising of the quadriceps muscle of the anterior or lateral thigh, or contusion of the femur, that commonly results in a haematoma and sometimes several weeks of pain and disability. In this latter sense, such an injury is known as dead leg.

Dead legs and charley horses are two different types of injuries: A charley horse involves the muscles contracting without warning, and can last from a few seconds to a couple days. A dead leg often occurs in contact sports, such as football, when an athlete suffers a knee or other blunt trauma to the lateral quadriceps causing a haematoma or temporary paresis and antalgic gait as a result of pain.

Colloquially, taking a hit in the thigh area (thigh contusion) can also be referred to as a charley horse[1] or even simply as a charley.[2]

Etymology

The first known use of the term was in 1886[3] in a West Virginia newspaper. The originator of the phrase is credited to two baseball players, Jack Glasscock and Joe Quest.[4]

Cause

Charley horses have many possible causes directly resulting from high or low pH or substrate concentrations in the blood, including hormonal imbalances, dehydration, low levels of magnesium, potassium, or calcium (evidence has been mixed),[5] [6] [7] side effects of medication, or, more seriously, diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuropathy.[8] Charley horses seem to be most common in individuals who engage in strenuous physical activities, such as those who work in construction or play sports. They are also a common complaint during pregnancy.[9]

Treatment

Relief is given by massaging or stretching the leg or foot in the opposite direction of the cramp. Relief also comes from standing up, which serves to counter the muscle-tightening signal.[10]

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Thigh contusion . 2022-03-16 . fittoplay.org.
  2. Web site: Thigh Contusion: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention . 2022-03-16 . Cleveland Clinic.
  3. Web site: Definition of CHARLEY HORSE . www.merriam-webster.com . 14 November 2023 . en.
  4. Web site: Read This If You've Ever Wondered Why It's Called A 'Charley Horse' . HuffPost . 14 November 2023 . en . 8 August 2019.
  5. Schwellnus MP, Nicol J, Laubscher R, Noakes TD . Serum electrolyte concentrations and hydration status are not associated with exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) in distance runners . British Journal of Sports Medicine . 2004 . 38 . 4 . 488–492 . 10.1136/bjsm.2003.007021. 1724901 . 15273192.
  6. Sulzer NU, Schwellnus MP, Noakes TD . Serum electrolytes in Ironman triathletes with exercise-associated muscle cramping . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise . 2005 . 37 . 7 . 1081–1085 . 10.1249/01.mss.0000169723.79558.cf . 16015122. free .
  7. Nocturnal Leg Cramps . American Family Physician . Allen RE, Kirby KA . 2012 . 86 . 4 . 350–355. 22963024 .
  8. Miller TM, Layzer RB . Muscle cramps . Muscle Nerve . 32 . 4 . 431–42 . 2005 . 15902691 . 10.1002/mus.20341. 222021544 .
  9. Young GL, Jewell D . Henderson . Sonja . Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . 1 . CD000121 . 2002 . 2015 . 11869565 . 10.1002/14651858.CD000121. 7045417 .
  10. Web site: McMillen . Matt . Nocturnal Leg Cramps . WebMD . 14 November 2023 . en.