A data control language (DCL) is a syntax similar to a computer programming language used to control access to data stored in a database (authorization). In particular, it is a component of Structured Query Language (SQL). Data Control Language is one of the logical group in SQL Commands. SQL[1] is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as insert data to a database, delete or update data in a database, or retrieve data from a database.
Though database systems use SQL, they also have their own additional proprietary extensions that are usually only used on their system. For Example Microsoft SQL server uses Transact-SQL (T-SQL) which is an extension of SQL. Similarly Oracle uses PL-SQL which is their proprietary extension for them only. However, the standard SQL commands such as "Select", "Insert", "Update", "Delete", "Create", and "Drop" can be used to accomplish almost everything that one needs to do with a database.
Examples of DCL commands include:
The operations for which privileges may be granted to or revoked from a user or role apply to both the Data definition language (DDL) and the Data manipulation language (DML), and may include CONNECT, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, EXECUTE, and USAGE.
As per Microsoft SQL Server there are four groups of SQL Commands.
DCL commands are used for access control and permission management for users in the database. With them we can easily allow or deny some actions for users on the tables or records (row level security).
DCL commands are:
For example: GRANT can be used to give privileges to user to do SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE on a specific table or multiple tables.
The REVOKE command is used take back a privilege (default) or revoking specific command like UPDATE or DELETE based on requirements.
GRANT in first case we gave privileges to user User1 to do SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE on the table called employees.
REVOKE with this command we can take back privilege to default one, in this case, we take back command INSERT on the table employees for user User1.
DENY is a specific command. We can conclude that every user has a list of privilege which is denied or granted so command DENY is there to explicitly ban you some privileges on the database objects.:
Oracle Database divide SQL commands to different types. They are.
For details refer Oracle-[3] TCL
Data definition language (DDL) statements let you to perform these tasks:
So Oracle Database DDL commands include the Grant and revoke privileges which is actually part of Data control Language in Microsoft SQL server.
Syntax for grant and revoke in Oracle Database:
Transaction control statements manage changes made by DML statements. The transaction control statements are:
MySQL server they divide SQL statements into different type of statement
For details refer MySQL Transactional statements[4]
The grant, revoke syntax are as part of Database administration statementsàAccount Management System.
The GRANT statement enables system administrators to grant privileges and roles, which can be granted to user accounts and roles. These syntax restrictions apply:
The REVOKE statement enables system administrators to revoke privileges and roles, which can be revoked from user accounts and roles.
In PostgreSQL, executing DCL is transactional, and can be rolled back.
Grant and Revoke are the SQL commands are used to control the privileges given to the users in a Databases
SQLite does not have any DCL commands as it does not have usernames or logins. Instead, SQLite depends on file-system permissions to define who can open and access a database.[5]