Cycling in Turkey explained

Cycling in Turkey is held back by poor infrastructure. It is sometimes done for health reasons, and infrastructure is being improved.[1] [2] The World Health Organization has called for transport in Turkey to include more active transport such as cycling.[3]

History

At first the Ottomans cycled for transport and later also for sport.[4] The army used bicycles.[5] Many women in Turkey cycled, and cycling helped the feminist movement towards the end of the Ottoman Empire.[6] Thomas Stevens went through Constantinople on his round the world trip, as did others later in the 19th century, publishing accounts such as Across Asia on a Bicycle: The Journey of Two American Students from Constantinople to Peking.

Rahmi Koç Museum has a display of bicycles.[7]

Utility cycling

A 2019 survey of Turkish college students found that 10 percent of cyclists wear a bike helmet.[8] Respondents to a 2018 survey in Isparta said that Accident Prone Areas were the most important factor for integration with public transport.[9] Some of the bike lanes created in that city in 2016 were removed in 2018, partly because roadside businesses wanted the space for car parking.[10]

Policy and manufacturing

The Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change has published a guide for cycle paths.[11] There is not much data available to help plan where bicycle routes should go.[12]

Infrastructure

In 2019 a new regulation on cycle paths was issued,[13] but according to a 2020 study cities are not bike friendly.[14] Cycle paths are sometimes not well connected.[15] In 2021 a bicycle route master plan was published.[16] [17]

Suggestions have been made for Istanbul.[18] Improvements were made in Istanbul during the COVID-19 pandemic.[19] Locations close to shorelines are thought to be best for bike sharing stations.[20] Konya has the most bike lanes with over .[21] Bikes (except tandems) are allowed on the Istanbul metro outside peak hours and if folded at any time.[22] The city's sustainable urban mobility plan in 2022 suggested cycle feeder routes and junction improvements.[23]

Hatay claimed to have opened in 2020 the longest uninterrupted bike path in the world.[24] Some of Turkey's bike paths have been integrated into the EuroVelo route network. The EV13 The Iron Curtain Trail follows 140km (90miles) of the border with Bulgaria via Edirne. Around 500km (300miles) of existing bike paths in İzmir were incorporated into the EV8 The Mediterranean Route in 2019.[25]

For sport and recreation

The governing organisation for cycle sport in Turkey is the Turkish Cycling Federation.[26] There is a velodrome in Istanbul.[27] There are cycling festivals.[28] Dogs such as Kangal can be a problem in rural areas,[29] and some recommend dismounting.[30]

Rides

Fancy Women Bike Ride (Turkish: Süslü Kadinlar Bisiklet Turu) was started by Sema Gur, a high school teacher from Turkey.[31] In 2013, three hundred women from Izmir, Turkey, participated in a Chic Women Bike Ride, which in subsequent years grew as an annual international event known as the Fancy Women Bike Ride on Car-Free Days.[32] For the Fancy Women Bike Ride, women decorate their bikes and instead of wearing sporty biking gear, they dress and make themselves up as colorfully and fancifully as they like.

Rules

Bicycles include electric bicycles whose maximum continuous rated power does not exceed 250 W, whose power decreases as they accelerate, and whose power is completely cut off after reaching a maximum speed of 25 km/h or immediately after the pedaling is interrupted. To ride on a highway cyclists must be over 11 and physically and mentally healthy. All traffic rules apply to cyclists.[33] Helmets are not obligatory.[34]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Koçak . Funda . 2016-12-24 . Cycling in Turkey: Reasons and benefits of cycling / Türkiye'de bisiklet kullanımı: Bisiklet kullanma nedenleri ve elde edilen faydalar . Journal of Human Sciences . en . 13 . 3 . 5760–5771 . 10.14687/jhs.v13i3.4190 . 2458-9489. free .
  2. Web site: Turkey eyes bicycle tourism alternative amid diversity efforts . 2022-12-27 . . 13 January 2022 . en.
  3. Web site: Health and climate change: country profile 2022: Turkey . 2022-06-04 . ReliefWeb . en.
  4. Özsoy . Selami . Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi . 2667-4750 . Osmanlı'dan Günümüze Türkiye'de Bisiklet Sporu - Cycling In Turkey From Ottomans To Our Day . en . 24 .
  5. Web site: Wollina . Torsten . Into a bicycle history of the Middle East . 2023-01-15 . Wissen in Verbindung . 7 February 2019 .
  6. Book: Raab, Alon . Women cycling in the Middle East . Wheels of Fire: Women cycling in the Middle East . https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003142041-52/wheels-fire-alon-raab . Routledge Companion to Cycling . 10.4324/9781003142041-52 . 9781003142041 . 2022-12-19.
  7. Web site: The Rahmi Koç Museum istanbul.com . 2023-01-18 . istanbul.com.
  8. Kılınç . Eda . Kartal . Asiye . 2022-02-15 . The frequency of bicycle helmet use among college students and health beliefs for bicycle helmet attitude . Journal of American College Health . en . 1–9 . 10.1080/07448481.2022.2032091 . 35166646 . 246826514 . 0744-8481.
  9. Saplıoğlu . M. . Aydın . M. M. . 2018-09-01 . Choosing safe and suitable bicycle routes to integrate cycling and public transport systems . Journal of Transport & Health . en . 10 . 236–252 . 10.1016/j.jth.2018.05.011 . 86671514 . 2214-1405. free .
  10. Gülcen Eren . Şirin . Olaoye Ajiboye . Jesugbemi . Isparta Bicycle Route: The Conflict Between Private and Public Interests . ICONARCH International Congress of Architecture and Planning . 13–15 October 2020 . Istanbul . 20.500.13091/2765 . Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design . en.
  11. Web site: BİSİKLET YOLLARI KILAVUZ .
  12. Özkan . Sevim Pelin . Senol . Fatma . Ozcam . Zeynep . 2020 . Bicycle Route Infrastructure Planning Using GIS in an Urban Area: The Case of Izmir . 10.14744/planlama.2020.41275 . 216281830 . Planlama . 1300-7319. free . 11147/10297 . free .
  13. Web site: BİSİKLET YOLLARI YÖNETMELİĞİ . 2019-12-26 . www.resmigazete.gov.tr . tr.
  14. Ahsan . Md Moynul . 2020-09-01 . Strategic decisions on urban built environment to pandemics in Turkey: Lessons from COVID-19 . Journal of Urban Management . en . 9 . 3 . 281–285 . 10.1016/j.jum.2020.07.001 . 221012904 . 2226-5856. free . 10419/271396 . free .
  15. Book: Girginkaya Akdağ, Suzan . Small Icons with Wide Borders: The Semiotics of Micro-Mobility in Urban Space . 2021 . The Urban Book Series . 135–151 . Girginkaya Akdağ . Suzan . Cham . Springer International Publishing . en . 10.1007/978-3-030-71807-7_7 . 978-3-030-71807-7 . 236663713 . Dinçer . Mine . Vatan . Meltem . Topçu . Ümran.
  16. Web site: Turkey Bicycle Route Network Master Plan .
  17. Web site: cygm.csb.gov.tr . Türkiye Bisiklet Ağı Master Planı - Çevre Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü . 2023-02-03 . cygm.csb.gov.tr . tr.
  18. Web site: SAFE CYCLING DESIGN MANUAL FOR ISTANBUL Executive Summary .
  19. Demir . O. . Rojhani . A. . Hung . C. . Promoting and preserving safe and active mobility in Istanbul during the COVID-19 pandemic . European Journal of Public Health . 2021 . 31 . Suppl. 3 . iii292 . 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.769. free . 8574654 .
  20. Guler . Dogus . Yomralioglu . Tahsin . 2021-07-03 . Location Evaluation of Bicycle Sharing System Stations and Cycling Infrastructures with Best Worst Method Using GIS . The Professional Geographer . en . 73 . 3 . 535–552 . 10.1080/00330124.2021.1883446 . 234853328 . 0033-0124.
  21. Web site: 2022-01-04 . Using Cycling as an Indicator for Urban Quality of Life . 2022-12-19 . TheCityFix . en-US.
  22. Web site: Rules of Travel . 2022-12-19 . www.metro.istanbul.
  23. Web site: Istanbul's new Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan Eltis . 2022-12-19 . www.eltis.org.
  24. News: Turkey opens world's longest uninterrupted bike path . 2023-01-15 . TRT World. 2020-08-10 . en.
  25. Web site: European Cyclists' Federation approves the extension of EuroVelo 8 – Mediterranean Route in Izmir, Turkey . Florence Grégoire . Eurovelo . 2019-11-26 . 2023-02-03.
  26. Web site: Türkiye Bisiklet Federasyonu . 2022-12-19 . bisiklet.gov.tr.
  27. Web site: Türkiye . Cyclist . 2019-05-31 . ANTRENMAN ROTASI: MALTEPE VELODROMU . 2022-12-19 . Cyclist Türkiye . tr.
  28. Kaya . İsmet . Erdoğan . Gülcan Özyazıcı . 2020-12-31 . The economic contribution of cycling festivals on tourism sector: A study on cycling festivals in Turkey . FORCE: Focus on Research in Contemporary Economics . en . 1 . 2 . 103–118 . 2717-817X.
  29. Web site: One Last Trip Through Kangal Country on Turkey's Elmalı Plateau – Ryan Wilson . 2022-12-19 . The Radavist . en-US.
  30. Web site: Turkish shepherd dogs come to French sheep's rescue . 2023-01-18 . . en.
  31. Web site: Tokyo Olympics: Cyclist Masomah Ali Zada is a symbol of hope and inspiration . 29 March 2022 . BBC.
  32. News: Johnson . Ron . September 15, 2022 . Fancy Women Bike Ride celebrates 10 glorious years . February 10, 2023.
  33. Web site: KARAYOLLARI TRAFİK KANUNU BİSİKLET İLE İLGİLİ MADDELER – Bisiklet Şefliği . 2022-12-19 . bisiklet.ibb.istanbul.
  34. Valero-Mora . Pedro M. . Shinar . David . Ledesma . Rubén D. . Tormo Lancero . María Teresa . Sánchez-García . Mar . Haworth . Narelle . Sanmartín . Jaime . Morandi . Anna . Ferraro . Ottavia E. . Saplioglu . Meltem . Otte . Dietmar . 2020-07-01 . Abiding by the law when it does not exist: The case of the helmet bicycle law . Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour . en . 72 . 23–31 . 10.1016/j.trf.2020.04.010 . 219768232 . 1369-8478.

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