Curry powder explained

Curry powder should not be confused with garam masala.

Curry powder
Country: India
Region:Indian subcontinent
Type:Curry
Main Ingredient:Spices (coriander, turmeric, cumin, chili peppers)

Curry powder is a spice mix originating from India, adapted from but not to be confused with the native spice mix of garam masala.[1] [2]

History

As commercially available in Western markets, curry powder is comparable to the traditional Indian spice mixture known as "garam masala".[3]

Conceived as a ready-made ingredient intended to replicate the flavor of an Indian sauce,[4] [5] it was first sold by Indian merchants to British traders.[6]

Curry powder was used as an ingredient in 18th-century British recipe books,[7] and commercially available from the late 18th century,[8] [9] [10] with brands such as Crosse & Blackwell and Sharwood's persisting to the present. In Australia, a common curry spice is Keen’s curry powder.[11] [12] [7] The ingredient "curry powder", along with instructions on how to produce it,[13] are also seen in 19th-century US and Australian cookbooks, and advertisements.[14]

British traders introduced the powder to Meiji Japan, in the mid-19th century, where it became known as Japanese curry.[15]

Etymology

In the West, the word "curry" is a broad reference to various Indian curries prepared with different combinations of spices in the Indian subcontinent.[16] [17] The sauce-like component characterized by "curry" has been derived from the Tamil word kaṟi meaning literally 'sauce' or 'relish for rice', and finds synonyms with other regional references to local dishes evolving over thousands of years in the Indian subcontinent, such as "jhol", "shorba" and "kalia".[18] [5]

Ingredients

A number of standards on curry powder have been defined. Most outline analytical requirements such as moisture, ash content, and oil content as well as permissible additives. Some also define a number of expected ingredients.

In the United States, curry powder is expected to contain at least these ingredients: turmeric, coriander, fenugreek, cinnamon, cumin, black pepper, ginger, and cardamom.[19]

The 1999 East African Standard (EAS 98:1999) does not define an ingredient baseline.[20] A newer 2017 draft from Uganda does require turmeric, coriander, cumin, fenugreek and mustard.[21]

The Indian (FSSAI), Pakistani (PS:1741-1997), and international (ISO 2253:1999) standards do not define a baseline of essential ingredients.[22]

Nutritional information

One tablespoon (6.3 g) of typical curry powder contains the following nutrients according to the USDA:[23]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Curry food. 15 December 2020. Encyclopedia Britannica. en.
  2. Book: Curried Cultures: Globalization, Food, and South Asia. 2012. University of California Press. 978-0-520-27011-4. 1. 10.1525/j.ctt7zw4ct.
  3. llays . M . The Spices of India-II . Economic Botany . 1978 . 32 . 3 . 238–263.
  4. News: Krystal . Becky . Indian curries offer so much flavor and variety. These 6 recipes will expand your repertoire. . The Washington Post . 19 September 2020.
  5. Book: Iyer . Raghavan . 660 Curries . 2016 . Workman Publishing Company.
  6. Book: Sahni . Julie . Classic Indian Cooking . 1980 . William Morrow and Company, Inc. . New York . 39–40.
  7. News: Monks discover chicken curry recipe in 200-year-old cookbook. Jamieson. Sophie. 13 January 2016. The Daily Telegraph.
  8. Web site: First British advert for curry powder. www.bl.uk. 19 May 2019. 23 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210823180723/http://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item126721.html. dead.
  9. Book: Nupur Chaudhuri. Margaret Strobel. Western Women and Imperialism: Complicity and Resistance. 1992. Indiana University Press. 0-253-20705-3. 240–.
  10. Web site: 1784. First British advert for curry powder. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20121012021434/https://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item126721.html. 12 October 2012. British Library.
  11. News: TV review: Inside the Factory lifts the lid on how our curries are made. 15 August 2018. The Independent.
  12. Web site: Taylor. Anna-Louise. 11 October 2013. Curry: Where did it come from?. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140329151125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/0/24432750. 29 March 2014. BBC: Food Knowledge and Learning.
  13. Web site: Curry Powder from The Virginia Housewife by Mary Randolph. 2021-08-23. app.ckbk.com. en.
  14. Web site: Moran. Frieda. From curried wombat to rendang and doro wat: a brief history of curry in Australia. 2021-08-23. The Conversation. en.
  15. News: Curry — it's more 'Japanese' than you think. Itoh. Makiko. 26 August 2011. The Japan Times. 19 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20180108233344/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/08/26/food/curry-its-more-japanese-than-you-think/. 8 January 2018.
  16. Web site: Curry . Britannica.
  17. Book: Collingham . Lizzie . Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors . 2006 . Oxford University Press . New York . 115 . "No Indian, however, would have referred to his or her food as a curry. The idea of a curry is, in fact, a concept that the Europeans imposed on India's food culture. Indians referred to their different dishes by specific names ... But the British lumped all these together under the heading of curry.".
  18. Web site: Curry . Online Etymology Dictionary.
  19. Web site: Commercial Item Description - Spices And Spice Blends . U.S. Department of Agriculture . 2 February 2022 . April 5, 2010.
  20. Web site: EAST AFRICAN STANDARD: Curry powder — Specification . law.resource.org.
  21. Web site: DUS DEAS 98:2017 Curry powder — Specification .
  22. Web site: FSSAI Standards for Curry Powder . Food Safety Mantra Blog . en.
  23. Web site: Spices, curry powder . FoodData Central . . 1 April 2019 . April 2018 . 10 July 2020 .

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