Crotonyl-CoA explained

Crotonyl-coenzyme A is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan.^[1] It is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids.^[2]

Crotonyl-coA and reductases

Before a 2007 report by Alber and coworkers, crotonyl-coA carboxylases and reductases (CCRs) were known for reducing crotonyl-coA to butyryl-coA.^[3] A report by Alber and coworkers concluded that a specific CCR homolog was able to reduce crotonyl-coA to (2S)-ethyl malonyl-coA which was a favorable reaction. The specific CCR homolog came from the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Role of Crotonyl-coA in Transcription

Post-translational modification of histones either by acetylation or crotonylation is important for the active transcription of genes.^[4] Histone crotonylation is regulated by the concentration of crotonyl-coA which can change based on environmental cell conditions or genetic factors.

See also

• Crotonic acid
• Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase

Notes and References

1. 10.1038/ncomms13609. 28000660. 5187497. A crotonyl-CoA reductase-carboxylase independent pathway for assembly of unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Nature Communications. 7. 13609. 2016. Ray. Lauren. Valentic. Timothy R. Miyazawa. Takeshi. Withall. David M. Song. Lijiang. Milligan. Jacob C. Osada. Hiroyuki. Takahashi. Shunji. Tsai. Shiou-Chuan. Challis. Gregory L. 2016NatCo...713609R.
2. Web site: Crotonyl-CoA.
3. Wilson. Micheal C.. Moore. Bradley S.. 2012. Beyond ethylmalonyl-CoA: The functional role of crotonyl-CoAcarboxylase/reductase homologs in expanding polyketide diversity. Nat. Prod. Rep.. 29. 1. 72–86. 10.1039/c1np00082a. 22124767. 0265-0568.
4. Sabari. Benjamin R.. Tang. Zhanyun. Huang. He. Yong-Gonzalez. Vladimir. Molina. Henrik. Kong. Ha Eun. Dai. Lunzhi. Shimada. Miho. Cross. Justin R.. Zhao. Yingming. Roeder. Robert G.. 2015-04-16. Intracellular Crotonyl-CoA Stimulates Transcription through p300-Catalyzed Histone Crotonylation. Molecular Cell. English. 58. 2. 203–215. 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.02.029. 1097-2765. 25818647. 4501262. free.