Cross-coupling partner explained

In cross-coupling reactions, the component reagents are called cross-coupling partners or simply coupling partners. These reagents can be further classified according to their nucleophilic vs electrophilic character:

R-X + R'-Y → R-R' + XYTypically the electrophilic coupling partner (R-X) is an aryl halide, but triflates are also used. Nucleophilic coupling (R'-Y) partners are more diverse. In the Suzuki reaction, boronic esters and boronic acids serve as nucleophilic coupling partners.^[1] Expanding the scope of coupling partners is a focus methods development in organic synthesis.^{[2] [3]}

References

1. Boronic Acids: New Coupling Partners in Room-Temperature Suzuki Reactions of Alkyl Bromides. Crystallographic Characterization of an Oxidative-Addition Adduct Generated under Remarkably Mild Conditions . Kirchhoff, Jan H. . Netherton, Matthew R. . Hills, Ivory D. . Fu, Gregory C. . Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2002. 124. 46. 13662–13663. 10.1021/ja0283899. 12431081.
2. Scott E.. Denmark. Jack. Hung-Chang Liu. 10.15227/orgsyn.088.0102. Discussion Addendum for: Palladium Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of (Z)-1-Heptenyldimethylsilanol with 4-Iodoanisole: (Z)-(1-Heptenyl)-4-methoxybenzene. Organic Syntheses. 2011. 88. 102.
3. 4-Methoxy-4'-nitrophenyl. Recent Advances In The Stille Biaryl Coupling Reaction and Applications in Complex Natural Products Synthesis. 10.15227/orgsyn.088.0197. Robert M. Williams. Org. Synth.. 2011. 88. 197–201 . 21960729 . 3181114 .