Training school (United States) explained

A training school, or county training school, was a type of segregated school for African American students found in the United States and Canada. In the Southern United States they were established to educate African Americans at elementary and secondary levels, especially as teachers; and in the Northern United States they existed as educational reformatory schools. A few training schools still exist, however they exist in a different context.

History

The training school movement began in 1911. The southern training schools were supported by northern philanthropists, roughly from 1910 to 1930.[1] [2] The Slater Fund supported many of the schools.[3] [4] Philanthropic organizations had their own criteria for funding support.[5]

In the segregated Jim Crow South (roughly until the 1950s), schools for African Americans could not be high schools so they were called training schools and “emphasized vocational training and domestic science over academic subjects”.[6] In the south they often served African American students from a large area and were often named county training schools. County training schools were established in Alabama starting in 1915.[7] Training schools addressed the need for larger and better schools to supplement elementary education in small rural schools and helped meet the demand for teachers. They had an agricultural and industrial training ethos and required support and cooperation from local officials. Many schools were eventually renamed, and became high schools until desegregation when many were closed.

Training schools were also established in northern states and in Canada as educational reformatory schools.

List of U.S. training schools

Listed by southern or northern status, by state, and in alphabetical order by name

Northern states

Connecticut

Iowa

Ohio

Massachusetts

Michigan

New Jersey

North Dakota

Southern states

Alabama

Arkansas

Florida

Georgia

Louisiana

Mississippi

North Carolina

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

Canada

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Carey . Thomas John . July 11, 2017 . Training Schools . Mississippi Encyclopedia.
  2. Web site: Link . William A. . May 2000 . Jackson Davis and the Lost World of Jim Crow Education | Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library . . Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library and The Carter G. Woodson Institute for African-American and African Studies at the University of Virginia.
  3. Book: Redcay, Edward E. . County Training Schools and Public Secondary Education for Negroes in the South . 1935 . John F. Slater Fund and Monumental Printing Co. . Washington, D.C..
  4. Book: A Suggested Course of Study for County Training Schools for Negroes in the South . July 24, 1917 . J. P. Bell Company, Inc. . 17030810 . Internet Archive.
  5. Web site: Rowe . Linda H. . 1997 . A History of Black Education and Bruton Heights School, Williamsburg, Virginia . Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library.
  6. Web site: Goldberg . Barry . Shubinski . Barbara . 2020 . Black Education and Rockefeller Philanthropy from the Jim Crow South to the Civil Rights Era . RE:source, Rockefeller Archive Center (RAC).
  7. Jackson, Reid E. . 1939 . County Training Schools in Alabama . The School Review . 47 . 9 . 683–694 . 10.1086/440436 . 1082040 . JSTOR . 143716326.
  8. Book: Coxen, James Reason . Directory of Federally Aided All-day Trade and Industrial Education Programs . 1940 . U.S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency . United States Office of Education . 21 . en.
  9. Book: Directory of Trade and Industrial Schools . Federal Board for Vocational Education . United States Federal Board for Vocational Education . 1930 . 284, 286 . en.
  10. Book: Statistics of Land-grant Colleges and Universities . 1928 . U.S. Government Printing Office . United States Office of Education . 37–38 . en.
  11. schpr.sc.gov/index.php/Detail/properties/74023
  12. https://greenbookofsc.com/locations/manning-training-school/
  13. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=38137
  14. https://greenbookofsc.com/locations/laurens-county-training-school/

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Training school (United States)".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.