| Conventional Long Name: | County of Schaumburg |
| Common Name: | Schaumburg |
| Era: | Middle Ages |
| Status: | Vassal |
| Empire: | Holy Roman Empire |
| Government Type: | County |
| Year Start: | 1110 |
| Year End: | 1640 |
| Event End: | Partitioned to create Schaumburg-Lippe; remainder to Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) |
| P1: | Duchy of Saxony |
| Flag P1: | Arms of the house of Ascania (ancient).svg |
| Border P1: | no |
| S1: | Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe |
| Flag S1: | Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg |
| S2: | Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel |
| Flag S2: | Flag of Hesse.svg |
| Image Map Caption: | Map of the two successor territories Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and County of Schaumburg Hessian share from 1866 |
| Capital: | Rinteln |
| Common Languages: | Northern Low Saxon |
The County of Schaumburg (German: link=no|Grafschaft Schaumburg), until ca. 1485 known as Schauenburg, was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Lower Saxony. Its territory was more or less congruent with the present district German: [[Schaumburg|Landkreis Schaumburg]].
Schaumburg originated as a medieval county, which was founded at the beginning of the 12th century. It was named after Schauenburg Castle, near Rinteln on the Weser, where the owners started calling themselves Lords (from 1295 Counts) of Schauenburg. Adolf I probably became the first Lord of Schauenburg in 1106.
In 1110, Adolf I, Lord of Schauenburg was appointed by Lothair, Duke of Saxony to hold Holstein and Stormarn, including Hamburg, as fiefs.[1] Subsequently, the House of Schaumburg were also counts of Holstein and its partitions Holstein-Itzehoe, Holstein-Kiel, Holstein-Pinneberg (until 1640), Holstein-Plön, Holstein-Segeberg and Holstein-Rendsburg (until 1460) and through the latter at times also the dukes of Schleswig.
Count Adolf IV was an active ruler and founded the cities of Stadthagen and Rinteln.
From 1500 the County of Schaumburg belonged to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
After the childless death in 1640 of Count Otto V, the House of Schaumburg became extinct. The County of Holstein-Pinneberg was merged with the Duchy of Holstein. The County of Schaumburg proper was partitioned among the agnatic Schaumburg heirs into three parts, one incorporated into the ducal Brunswick and Lunenburgian Principality of Lüneburg, the largest portion becoming the County of Schaumburg-Lippe, and the eastern territory continuing the name County of Schaumburg (German: Grafschaft Schaumburg hessischen Anteils, 'County of Schaumburg Hessian portion'), ruled in personal union by Hesse-Cassel. Even after the Prussian annexation of both Hanover (the successor to Brunswick-Lüneburg) and Electoral Hesse (the successor to Hesse-Cassel) the Hessian part remained an exclave of the Province of Hesse-Nassau until it was transferred to the Province of Hanover in 1932. All three are now part of the state of Lower Saxony.
When the District of Schaumburg (German: [[:de:Landkreis Schaumburg|Landkreis Schaumburg]]) was formed in middle Lower Saxony in 1977, it chose to use a coat of arms derived from the ancient arms of the Counts of Schaumberg.
See also: Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein.