Copper cartels explained

Since 1870, there have been several formal attempts to restrict the copper output and raise, in this form, its price.

This is a list of copper cartels in the 20th century:

• Copper Export Association, CEA, 1918–1923
• Copper Exporters, Inc., CEI, 1926–1932
• International Copper Cartel, ICC, 1935 - 1939 (created by the World Copper Agreement)
• Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries, CIPEC, 1967–1988

Further reading

• Herfindahl, O. (1959) Copper costs and prices: 1870–1957, RFF, Baltimore.