| Conflict: | Convoy RS 3 |
| Place: | North African Atlantic Coast |
| Partof: | Battle of the Atlantic |
| Combatant1: | Germany |
| Combatant2: | United Kingdom |
| Commander1: | V.Adm. Karl Dönitz |
| Commander2: | Convoy Commodore: Captain Harold W.M. Milne, D.S.C |
| Casualties1: | no losses |
| Casualties2: | 3 ships sunk |
| Strength2: | 3 merchant ships 1 cable layer 2 escorts (at the time of attack) |
| Strength1: | 8 U-boats |
| Result: | German victory |
Convoy RS 3 was a South Atlantic convoy which ran during the height of the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was a small coastal convoy going from Rabat to Sierra Leone.[1] The convoy lost its three biggest ships to U-boat attacks in March 1943, which contributed to the fact that in March 1943 most of the ships sunk by U-boats were lost in convoys. As convoying was the key answer to the U-boat threat, this led to a temporary crisis in Allied shipping.
When the convoy left Gibraltar, it consisted of three freighters, the cable layer Lady Denison-Pender and five tugboats. The cable layer was a particularly valuable ship. This ship was returning south after laying a cable connection between Gibraltar and Casablanca, in order to provide secure communications for the Casablanca Conference.[2] The convoy was escorted by two corvettes and two armed naval trawlers.
The German B-Dienst signals intelligence group was able to decipher some signals which gave away the position of the convoy. The Germans were able to direct the "gruppe Seerauber" comprising eight U-boats to the convoy. made contact with the convoy on 28 March between the Canary Islands and Dakar.[3] Allied command did not realize the convoy was threatened and in the morning of 28 March, the two corvettes were sent away to reinforce the escort of a northbound convoy.
Shortly after the corvettes left, attacked and torpedoed SS Lagosian. The ship broke amidships and sank within seven minutes. Eleven survivors were rescued by the tugboat Empire Denis. The convoy started zigzagging and tried to increase speed, but the tugboats could not keep up and speed was reduced to 7kn.
At 15:00 torpedoed MV Silverbeech which blew up and sank without survivors. As the ships were at that moment in shallow waters, the convoy commodore was not sure whether they should run into a protective coastal minefield or be attacked by the U-boats. A few minutes later launched a spread of four torpedoes but all missed. At nightfall at 20:00 the zigzagging was stopped. U-172 caught up with the convoy and its first attack with one torpedo missed but then U-172 scored a hit on MV Moanda with a subsequent attack of two torpedoes. The ship sank the next morning at 02:00.[4]
The convoy was well protected by air patrols and on 29 March all U-boats lost contact. On 30 March the chase was abandoned. Two U-boats were damaged by the escorting aircraft;
The three sinkings by three different U-boats have been commented on in multiple sources, in older reference books these are the data:
But other website sources, mix up these data: for example
These websites take into account the KriegsTageBuch of the U-172, as mentioned on the warsailors blog[9] which clearly shows U-172 is the last U-boat to attack and sink a ship.
Rohwer mentions that the corvettes left the convoy before the attack, but the situation report shows that the sloop and the HMS Burdock was with the convoy during the attacks on 28 March. Probably these ships returned when the attacks started.
The two armed trawlers do not appear nowhere in accounts of the battle, but two tugboats are mentioned to have stayed all time with the convoy, and to have picked up survivors. The tugboats were and .[10]