| Conflict: | Convoy HX.231 |
| Partof: | the Second World War |
| Date: | 25 March – 10 April 1943 |
| Place: | North Atlantic Ocean |
| Combatant1: | Germany |
| Combatant2: |  Canada United Kingdom |
| Commander1: | Karl Dönitz |
| Commander2: | Charles Ramsay (Commodore) |
| Strength1: | 11 U-boats |
| Strength2: | 67 merchant ships 19 escorts |
| Casualties1: | 2 U-boats sunk |
| Casualties2: | 6 ships sunk |
Convoy HX 231 was the 231st of the numbered series of Second World War HX convoys of merchant ships from HalifaX to Liverpool. The ships departed New York City on 25 March 1943 and were met on 31 March by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group B-7. The convoy was found on 4 April and attacked by eleven U-boats of the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 10th U-boat flotillas, from Brest, La Rochelle, St Nazaire and Lorient, respectively. These U-boats formed wolfpack German: Löwenherz' (Lionheart). The U-boats sank six ships before losing contact on 7 April. Two U-boats, and, were sunk. The convoy reached Liverpool on 10 April.
| Name[1] | Flag | (GRT) | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMS Alisma | Escort 31 March – 9 April Corvette | |||||
| Amastra (1935) | 8,031 | |||||
| Ancylus (1935) | 8,017 | |||||
| Aruba (1929) |  | 3,979 | Arrived with rudder damage | |||
| Asbjorn (1935) | 4,387 | |||||
| Athelregent (1930) | 8,881 | |||||
| Athos (1937) |  | 8,267 | ||||
| Atlantida (1924) |  | 4,191 | ||||
| Beaverhill (1928) | 10,041 | |||||
| (1923) | | 7,065 | Romped and sunk by on 6 April after attack the previous day by, 26 dead[2] | |||
| British Ardour (1928) | 7,124 | Escort Oiler. Sunk by on 5 April, no casualties[3] | ||||
| British Confidence (1936) | 8,494 | |||||
| HMS Buxton (H96) | Escort 27–31 March, Destroyer | |||||
| Escort 27–31 March, Corvette | ||||||
| City of Lyons (1926) | 7,063 | |||||
| Clan Cameron (1937) | 7,243 | |||||
| Escort 6–8 April Destroyer | ||||||
| Eli Whitney (1942) |  | 7,181 | ||||
| Empire Chief (1897) | 8,040 | Tanker carrying fuel oil | ||||
| Empire Coleridge (1942) | 9,798 | Tanker carrying petrol. Fitted with AND | ||||
| Empire Dickens (1942) | 9,819 | Tanker carrying petrol | ||||
| Empire Marvell (1941) | 9,812 | Tanker carrying petrol & paraffin | ||||
| Erin (1932) | 5,841 | |||||
| Esso Dover (1921) | | 8,880 | ||||
| F J Wolfe (1932) | 12,190 | Escort Oiler. Returned | ||||
| Fort Finlay (1942) | 7,134 | |||||
| Fort Jemseg (1943) | 7,134 | |||||
| Fort Thompson (1942) | 7,134 | |||||
| Escort 6–8 April, Destroyer | ||||||
| Geo W McKnight (1933) | 12,502 | |||||
| Georgian (1920) | | 5,825 | ||||
| Escort 6–8 April Destroyer | ||||||
| Escort 6–8 April Destroyer | ||||||
| Jamaica Planter (1936) | 4,098 | Vice-Commodore | ||||
| Joel R Poinsett (1943) | | 7,176 | ||||
| Katy (1931) | | 6,825 | ||||
| Escort 25–28 March Minesweeper | ||||||
| Kent (1918) | 8,697 | |||||
| Lady Rodney (1929) | 8,194 | Halifax to St John's, Newfoundland | ||||
| Laurelwood (1929) | 7,347 | |||||
| Lochmonar (1924) | 9,412 | Returned | ||||
| HMS Loosestrife | Escort 31 March – 9 April Corvette; landed 72 Survivors from Waroonga at Londonderry Port on 9 April 1943 | |||||
| Manchester Port (1935) | 7,071 | |||||
| Escort 27–31 March, Minesweeper | ||||||
| Mobilgas (1937) | | 9,925 | ||||
| Mosdale (1939) | | 3,022 | ||||
| Narvik | Escort 9–10 April | |||||
| Nassa (1942) | 8,134 | Fitted with Noah Webster (1943) | | 7,176 | Returned | |
| Norheim (1941) | | 9,816 | ||||
| Norvinn (1930) |  | 6,322 | ||||
| Ocean Volunteer (1942) | 7,174 | |||||
| Ornefjell (1937) | | 1,334 | Bound for Halifax | |||
| Pandorian (1941) | 4,159 | |||||
| Pierre Soule (1943) | | 7,191 | ||||
| HMS Pink | Escort 29 March – 9 April, Corvette | |||||
| Pleiades (1939) | | 3,600 | ||||
| Port Sydney (1914) | 9,129 | |||||
| Escort 25–31 March, Corvette | ||||||
| Raphael Semmes (1942) | | 6,165 | ||||
| Reinholt (1939) | | 4,799 | ||||
| Salland (1920) | | 6,447 | ||||
| Saluta (1906) | 6,261 | Returned | ||||
| San Adolfo (1935) | 7,365 | |||||
| San Ambrosio (1935) | 7,410 | |||||
| Santa Maria (1942) | | 6,507 | ||||
| Escort 25–28 March, Corvette | ||||||
| Scebeli (1937) | | 3,025 | Detached and independent 1 April | |||
| Shillong (1939) | 5,529 | Sunk by on 5 April, after being damaged by in an earlier attack, 71 dead[4] | ||||
| Slemmestad (1928) | | 4,258 | ||||
| HMS Snowflake | Escort 31 March – 9 April, corvette, landed 54 Survivors from British Ardour at Londonderry Port | |||||
| Sovac (1938) | 6,724 | |||||
| Stephen C Foster (1943) | | 7,106 | ||||
| Sunoil (1927) | | 9,005 | Straggler zig-zagging on 4 April due to engine trouble. Sunk by on 5 April, after being damaged by in an earlier attack; lost with all 69 hands[5] | |||
| Escort 31 March – 9 April, Frigate | ||||||
| Thomas Sumter (1942) | | 7,177 | Romped | |||
| Tjibadak (1929) | | 7,083 | ||||
| Torr Head (1937) | 5,021 | |||||
| Tulsa (1919) | | 5,083 | ||||
| Tyndareus (1916) | 11,361 | Admiral Sir Charles Ramsey (Commodore) | ||||
| 6,982 | Stores and passenger ship. 138 passengers | |||||
| Vaalaren (1936) |  | 3,406 | Romped 4 April, sunk by on 5 April, lost with all 38 hands[6] | |||
| Escort 31 March – 9 April, Destroyer | ||||||
| Waroonga (1914) | 9,365 | Sunk by on 5 April, after being damaged by in an earlier attack. 19 dead[7] | ||||
| William Mulholland (1942) | | 7,176 | ||||
| William Whipple (1942) | | 7,181 | ||||