Composite boson explained

A composite boson is a bound state of fermions such that the combination gives a boson.^[1] Examples include Cooper pairs, semiconductor excitons, mesons, superfluid helium, Bose–Einstein condensates, atomic bosons, and fermionic condensates. A composite particle containing an even number of fermions is a boson, since it has integer spin. These composite particle states have a symmetric wave function upon exchange of any pair of particles. The wave function is given by the permanent of single particle states for the non interacting case.

See also

• Composite fermion
• Boson

References

• University of Colorado (January 28, 2004). NIST/University of Colorado Scientists Create New Form of Matter: A Fermionic Condensate. Press Release.
• Rodgers, Peter & Dumé, Bell (January 28, 2004). Fermionic condensate makes its debut. PhysicWeb.
• Haegler, Philipp, "Hadron Structure from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics", Physics Reports 490, 49-175 (2010)

Notes and References

1. Monique Combescot and Shiue-Yuan Shiau, "Excitons and Cooper Pairs: Two Composite Bosons in Many-Body Physics", Oxford University Press .