The Pyrénées-Orientales department is composed of 226 communes.
Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed a part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan is still spoken (in addition to French) by a significant minority of the population. The Catalan names of communes are taken from the Enciclopèdia catalana and are intended for comparison with the official French names: they do not indicate the current or former linguistic status of the commune.
See main article: articles and List of intercommunalities of the Pyrénées-Orientales department.
The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):[1]
The following names of communes are no longer in use, either because the commune has been absorbed into another commune or because it has changed name.