Codonopsis Explained

Codonopsis is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, Codonopsis includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. Campanumoea and Leptocodon.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} The enlarged genus Codonopsis is widespread across eastern, southern, central, and southeastern Asia, including China, Japan, the Russian Far East, Kazakhstan, the Indian Subcontinent, Iran, Indochina, Indonesia, etc.

Uses

Medicinal uses

Codonopsis pilosula is an important medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine.^[5]

Food uses

Codonopsis lanceolata (Korean: deodeok) is used as a food in Korean cuisine.

Species

49 species are accepted.^[6]

• Codonopsis affinis – China, Himalayas, Myanmar
• Codonopsis alpina – (高山党参) – west-central China, northern Myanmar, and Tibet
• Codonopsis argentea – (银背叶党参) – west-central China
• Codonopsis atriplicifolia
• Codonopsis bactriana
• Codonopsis benthamii – China, Himalayas, Myanmar
• Codonopsis bhutanica – Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet
• Codonopsis bomiensis
• Codonopsis bragaensis – Nepal
• Codonopsis bulleyana – (管钟党参)
• Codonopsis campanulata
• Codonopsis canescens – (灰毛党参)
• Codonopsis cardiophylla – (光叶党参)
• Codonopsis chimiliensis – Yunnan, Myanmar (滇湎党参)
• Codonopsis chlorocodon – (绿钟党参)
• Codonopsis clematidea – Central Asia, Tibet, Xinjiang, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, western Himalayas (新疆党参)
• Codonopsis cordifolioidea – (心叶党参)
• Codonopsis deltoidea – (三角叶党参)
• Codonopsis elliptica
• Codonopsis farreri (synonym Codonopsis gombalana) – Yunnan, Myanmar – (秃叶党参, 贡山党参)
• Codonopsis foetens – China, eastern Himalayas (臭党参)
• Codonopsis gongshanica
• Codonopsis gracilis – Yunnan, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam
• Codonopsis hemisphaerica
• Codonopsis henryi (synonym Codonopsis levicalyx) – (川鄂党参, 光萼党参)
• Codonopsis hongii
• Codonopsis inflata – Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam
• Codonopsis javanica – widespread across China, Japan, Himalayas, Indochina, Java, Sumatra
• Codonopsis kawakamii – Taiwan (台湾党参)
• Codonopsis lanceolata – China, Korea, Japan, Russian Far East (羊乳)
• Codonopsis lixianica
• Codonopsis macrophylla – Tibet
• Codonopsis meleagris – (珠鸡斑党参)
• Codonopsis micrantha – (小花党参)
• Codonopsis microtubulosa
• Codonopsis obtusa
• Codonopsis ovata – Pakistan, Kashmir
• Codonopsis pilosula – China, Mongolia, Korea, Primorye (党参)
• Codonopsis rotundifolia – Tibet, Yunnan, Himalayas (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan)
• Codonopsis subglobosa – (球花党参)
• Codonopsis subscaposa – (抽葶党参)
• Codonopsis subsimplex – Tibet, Himalayas (India, Nepal, Bhutan) (藏南党参)
• Codonopsis thalictrifolia – Tibet, Himalayas (India, Nepal, Bhutan) – (唐松草党参)
• Codonopsis tsinglingensis – (秦岭党参)
• Codonopsis tubulosa – (管花党参)
• Codonopsis ussuriensis – China, Japan, Korea, Primorye (雀斑党参)
• Codonopsis viridiflora – (绿花党参)
• Codonopsis viridis – Tibet, Himalayas (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan)

Formerly placed here

• Himalacodon dicentrifolius (as Codonopsis dicentrifolia) – (珠峰党参)
• Pankycodon purpureus (as Codonopsis purpurea) – Tibet, Yunnan, Himalayas (India, Nepal, Bhutan) (紫花党参)
• Pseudocodon convolvulaceus (as Codonopsis convolvulacea) – Tibet, Yunnan, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar (鸡蛋参)
  • Pseudocodon convolvulaceus subsp. forrestii (as Codonopsis forrestii) – China, Myanmar
• Pseudocodon rosulatus (as Codonopsis rosulata) – (莲座状党参)

External links

• Codonopsis Examples and Information

Notes and References

1. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=367767 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2. K.E. Morris and T.G. Lammers. 1997. Circumscription of Codonopsis and the allied genera Campanumoea and Leptocodon (Campanulaceae: Campanuloideae). I. Palynological data. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin.. 36. 277–284.
3. Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. Continental Publishing, Deurne.
4. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10152 Flora of China v 19 p 505, 桔梗科 jie geng ke, Campanulaceae
5. Li, C. Y., et al. (2009). Quality assessment of Radix Codonopsis by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. Journal of Chromatography A 1216(11) 2124-29.
6. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:5656-1 Codonopsis Wall.