Cloxacillin Explained

Cloxacillin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, and otitis externa. It is not effective for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It can be used by mouth and by injection.[1]

Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.[1] Clostridium difficile diarrhea may also occur. It is not recommended in people who have previously had a penicillin allergy.[1] Use during pregnancy appears to be relatively safe.[1] Cloxacillin is in the penicillin family of medications.

Cloxacillin was patented in 1960 and approved for medical use in 1965.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[3] It is not commercially available in the United States.[4]

Mechanism of action

It is semisynthetic and in the same class as penicillin. Cloxacillin is used against staphylococci that produce beta-lactamase, due to its large R chain, which does not allow the beta-lactamases to bind. This drug has a weaker antibacterial activity than benzylpenicillin, and is devoid of serious toxicity except for allergic reactions.

Society and culture

Cloxacillin was discovered and developed by Beecham (now GlaxoSmithKline).[5]

It is sold under a number of trade names, including Cloxapen, Cloxacap, Tegopen and Orbenin.[6]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: WHO Model Formulary 2008 . 2009 . 9789241547659 . ((World Health Organization)) . Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR . 10665/44053 . World Health Organization . World Health Organization . 98, 100, 110–111, 586, 602, 614, 623 .
  2. Book: Fischer J, Ganellin CR . Analogue-based Drug Discovery. 2006. John Wiley & Sons. 9783527607495. 490. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220081307/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA490. 2016-12-20.
  3. Book: ((World Health Organization)) . World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 . 2019 . 10665/325771 . World Health Organization . World Health Organization . Geneva . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO . free .
  4. Web site: Cloxacillin (Professional Patient Advice). www.drugs.com. 10 December 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220224426/https://www.drugs.com/ppa/cloxacillin.html. 20 December 2016.
  5. Book: Greenwood D . Antimicrobial drugs: chronicle of a twentieth century medical triumph. 18 November 2010. 2008. Oxford University Press US. 978-0-19-953484-5. 124–. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130606115416/http://books.google.com/books?id=i4_FZHmzjzwC&pg=PA124. 6 June 2013.
  6. Web site: Gollakner R . 2023-05-09 . Cloxacillin . 2023-05-09 . VCA Animal Hospitals.

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