Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi explained

Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi
Native Name:Храм Святителя Николая в Толмачах
Native Name Lang:ru
Pushpin Map:Moscow
Pushpin Map Alt:Location within Moscow
Pushpin Mapsize:166
Coordinates:55.7408°N 37.6203°W
Location:Moscow, Russia
Denomination:Russian Orthodox
Relics:Theotokos of Vladimir
Status:House church / Museum
Diocese:Urban Diocese of Moscow
Archpriest:Nikolai Sokolov

The Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi (Russian: Храм Святителя Николая в Толмачах|translit=Khram Svyatityelya Nikolaya v Tolmachakh) is both a Russian Orthodox house church and museum that is part of the State Tretyakov Gallery located in Moscow. The church is home to several religious relics and icons, including the culturally important Our Lady of Vladimir.

First mentioned in 1625 when it was a wooden church, the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi has since undergone several reconstructions and restorations. The church was ultimately closed in 1929 and became a neglected art storage house. Liturgical services were resumed after a unique arrangement between the Patriarchate and the gallery was agreed upon in 1993.

Background

Affiliations

As a house church, the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi is affiliated with both the State Tretyakov Gallery and the Moscow Patriarchate.[1] [2] [3] The modern church functions both as a parish for the gallery's employees and as a museum open to the public. While active services are still held in the church, visitors can only enter the church through the Tretyakov Gallery. Religious artifacts are preserved in special climate-controlled environments to ensure their preservation.

Within the Russian Orthodox Church, the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi is under and the Urban Diocese of Moscow.[4]

Name

The church's name derives from the Old Tolmachi settlement of Tatar translators located in what is now in Moscow. These translators originally migrated to the area to serve the Golden Horde during the time of the Tatar Yoke.[5]

History

Beginnings

The initial version of the church was wooden, as mentioned in a 1625 parish book. In March 1687, Patriarch Joachim visited the church for mass, which generally indicated the parish had nobles and highly regarded individuals as members. In 1697, a parishioner of the Resurrection Church in Kadashi, Longin Dobrynin, built the five-domed stone church in place of the wooden one.

Through the effort of Ekaterina Lazarevna Demidova, the Pokrovsky chapel was erected in 1770. Demidova, a widow, sought to consecrate a chapel in the name of the Virgin Mary despite the prevailing ban on consecrating altars in her name. At the time, the Russian Orthodox Church preferred those honoring Mary to dedicate to one of her feast days. Consequently, Demidova chose to dedicate the chapel to the Feast of the Intercession, and it was dedicated the same year it was built. However, in commemoration of her initial desire for the temple to honor Mary, the icon "Satisfy My Sorrows", which Demidova had originally wanted for the chapel, was later installed.

Misfortune and eventual closure

It was around this time that the church's parish was hit with tragedy twice over. Firstly, during the time of the chapel's construction, the 1770–1772 Russian plague had caused much destruction in its wake. Secondly, during the French invasion of Russia much of the surrounding buildings were destroyed in a fire as Moscow was razed. Though the Church of St. Nicholas itself survived in principle, this was not without cost. The priest at the time, John Andreev, was killed by the invading French forces while trying to protect it.

With the permission of metropolitan bishop Philaret of Moscow, a new bell tower was added in 1834 along with a reconstructed refectory. In the prior year, the old bell tower had proven to be deficient after more than 150 years of use, so Philaret approved the request by the parish to install the new one as well as begin general reconstruction on the main building so long as the main church remain "in an ancient dispensation". For this task, the services of the premier architect F. M. Shestakov, who helped to build the Greater Church of the Ascension, were successfully sought. When the new bell tower and refectory were completed, Philaret delivered a sermon to consecrate the Church of St. Nicholas. Though they would not last, the walls at this time were lined with artificial marble, but due to persistent staining they had to be covered up with wall paintings.

The general reconstruction of the church would last more than 20 years until October 1858.

Several years after the Russian Revolution, the church was in a poor state of affairs under the Soviet rule. Following the death of the former rector of the church, Elder Alexy Zosimovsky, the church closed down in the Easter of 1929. It was soon transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery which used the church as a storehouse and let it come under disrepair.[6] The top of the bell tower became broken, and bells separated into pieces. By the time the gallery began major restoration work on the church in 1983, the temple had remained empty for over 50 years. Yet by the turn of the decade, the bell tower was able to be fully restored.

Reopening

It was not until 1993 that the temple was reopened for worship after an arrangement was made between the Russian Orthodox Church and the state gallery.[7]

In September 1996, the church's restored main altar was sanctified by the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' Alexy II. A year later, restorations for the building were completed, and it became an active house church almost exactly 300 years after it was first constituted in stone. Security improvements to store and display art were added during this process, and an underground passageway was additionally made to connect it to the State Tretyakov Gallery.[8]

Recent usage

In 2009, the icon "Iverskaya" was transferred to the church from the gallery. It had been previously located within the Iverskaya Chapel before it was destroyed in 1929.[9] The Trinity is stored in the church as well during the Feast for Holy Trinity.[10] [11] [12] On 12 December 2012, the Tretyakov Gallery elected to transfer the relics of more than 30 saints to the church.[13] [14]

The church is most famously home to the Russian icon known as Our Lady of Vladimir.[15] [16] [17] The icon is generally considered to be one of the most cherished symbols in Russian history.[18] [19] [20]

, Archpriest Nikolai Sokolov is the rector for the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi.[21] [22]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Храм Святого Николая Чудотворца В Толмачах . Lebedeva . Elena . 18 December 2006 . pravoslavie.ru . ru . Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Tolmachi . 11 August 2019.
  2. News: Strelchik . Evgeny . Третьяковка приглашает... в храм/Интервью/ЖМПиЦВ . 12 August 2019 . Tserkovny Vestnik . 12 December 2012 . ru . Interview.
  3. Web site: The reconstruction of the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi 1997 . tretyakovgallery.ru . Третьяковская галерея . 9 August 2019 . en.
  4. Web site: Canonical status . hramvtolmachah.ru . 12 August 2019 . ru.
  5. Book: Pami͡a︡tniki arkhitektury Moskvy. . Makarevich . G. V. . Komech . A. I. . Pluzhnikov . V. I. . Iskusstvo . 1994 . 5210025489 . Moscow . 15 . ru . 96210383 . 32641826 . 613651M.
  6. News: Noble Assembly: The Tretyakov Gallery turns 120 years old . 12 August 2019 . m24.ru . 15 August 2013 . ru.
  7. Web site: Архиерейское богослужение в храме свт. Николая в Толмачах . donskoi.org . 12 August 2019 . ru-RU . 6 July 2017.
  8. Book: Insight Guides Pocket Moscow (Travel Guide eBook) . 2016 . Apa Publications (UK) Limited . 978-1-78671-677-4 . 99–100 . en . 9 August 2019.
  9. News: Yakovleva . Elena . Иверскую икону перенесут из Третьяковской галереи в храм Святителя Николая в Толмачах . 12 August 2019 . Rossiyskaya Gazeta . ru.
  10. News: Сегодня отмечается Троицкая родительская суббота . Mariinskij . Sergej . 6 June 2019 . TheRussianTimes . 11 August 2019 . Today is Trinity Parental Saturday.
  11. News: Интерфакс-Религия: "Троица" Андрея Рублева будет принесена в храм Святителя Николая в Толмачах . 12 August 2019 . Interfax Religion . 20 June 2013 . Moscow . ru.
  12. News: "Trinity" by St. Andrei Rublev brought to the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi . 12 August 2019 . Orthodoxy and the World . 4 June 2012 . ru-RU.
  13. News: The Tretyakov Gallery transferred the relics of 30 saints to the Tolmachi temple . 11 August 2019 . Orthodoxy and the World . 19 December 2012 . ru.
  14. News: Reutsky . Alexey . Ковчег с мощами 30 святых передан из запасников Третьяковской галереи в храм Святителя Николая в Толмачах . 12 August 2019 . Tserkovny Vestnik . 20 December 2012 . ru.
  15. Web site: 5 most famous and miraculous icons that Russians venerate . Yegorov . Oleg . 2018-11-12 . . en-US . 2019-08-09.
  16. Book: State Tretyakov Gallery . 1 January 2000 . Avant-Garde . 5863941065 . Kirdina . N. . 2nd rev . Moscow . 278–280 . fr . Cook . K. M. . Guidebook . 54071928 . 9058828M . LibraryThing 274007 . 21 April 2013.
  17. Web site: О чем молятся Владимирской иконе Божией Матери . 3 June 2019 . www.ap22.ru . Pravda . ru . About prayer for the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God . 2019-08-11.
  18. News: Alekseyenko . Anton . Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God / Православие.Ru . 12 August 2019 . Orthodoxy and the World . 9 September 2008 . en.
  19. Web site: Belz . Elaine Elizabeth . A Wounded Presence: The Virgin of Vlaidimir Icon . The Graduate Journal of Harvard Divinity School . Harvard College . 12 August 2019 . en.
  20. Miller . David B. . 1968 . Legends of the Icon of Our Lady of Vladimir: A Study of the Development of Muscovite National Consciousness . Speculum . en . 43 . 4 . 657–670 . 10.2307/2855325 . 0038-7134 . 2855325 . free.
  21. News: Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk attends the opening of an exhibition of the Bulgarian church art masterpieces . 28 June 2018 . The Russian Orthodox Church . 9 August 2019 . DECR Communication Service . en.
  22. January 2018 . In Memory of Pavel Tretyakov . The Tretyakov Gallery Magazine . en . 58 . 164 . 10 August 2019.