Chromosome 10 Explained

Length Bp:	134,758,134 bp (CHM13)
Genes:	706 (CCDS)
Type:	Autosome
Centromere Position:	Submetacentric^[1] (39.8 Mbp^[2])
Chr:	10
Ensembl Id:	10
Entrez Id:	10
Ncbi Id:	10
Ucsc Id:	10
Refseq Id:	NC_000010
Genbank Id:	CM000672

Chromosome 10 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 10 spans about 134 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

Genes

Number of genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 10. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.^[3]

Estimated by	Protein-coding genes	Non-coding RNA genes	Pseudogenes	Source	Release date
	706	—	—	^[4]	2016-09-08
HGNC	708	244	614	^[5]	2017-05-12
	728	881	568	^[6]	2017-03-29
	750	—	—	^[7]	2018-02-28
	754	842	654	^[8] ^[9] ^[10]	2017-05-19

Gene list

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 10. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.

Diseases and disorders

The following diseases are related to genes on chromosome 10:

• Apert syndrome
• Barakat syndrome
• Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome
• Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
• Cockayne syndrome
• Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
• Cowden syndrome
• Crouzon syndrome
• Genitopatellar syndrome
• Glioblastoma multiforme
• Gorlin syndrome
• HADDS syndrome
• Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
• Hirschprung disease
• Jackson–Weiss syndrome
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
• Nonsyndromic deafness
• Pfeiffer syndrome
• Porphyria
• Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Pakistani type
• Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
• Thiel–Behnke corneal dystrophy
• Usher syndrome
• Wolman syndrome
• Young-Simpson syndrome

Cytogenetic band

G-bands of human chromosome 10 in resolution 850 bphs^[11] ! Chr. ! Arm^[12] ! Band^[13] ! ISCN
start^[14] ! ISCN
stop! Basepair
start ! Basepair
stop ! Stain^[15] ! Density

10	p	15.3	0	229			gneg
10	p	15.2	229	329			gpos	25
10	p	15.1	329	630			gneg
10	p	14	630	917			gpos	75
10	p	13	917	1175			gneg
10	p	12.33	1175	1361			gpos	75
10	p	12.32	1361	1432			gneg
10	p	12.31	1432	1604			gpos	75
10	p	12.2	1604	1662			gneg
10	p	12.1	1662	1891			gpos	50
10	p	11.23	1891	2063			gneg
10	p	11.22	2063	2235			gpos	25
10	p	11.21	2235	2406			gneg
10	p	11.1	2406	2621			acen
10	q	11.1	2621	2850			acen
10	q	11.21	2850	3051			gneg
10	q	11.22	3051	3252			gpos	25
10	q	11.23	3252	3409			gneg
10	q	21.1	3409	3753			gpos	100
10	q	21.2	3753	3839			gneg
10	q	21.3	3839	4097			gpos	100
10	q	22.1	4097	4469			gneg
10	q	22.2	4469	4655			gpos	50
10	q	22.3	4655	4970			gneg
10	q	23.1	4970	5200			gpos	100
10	q	23.2	5200	5331			gneg
10	q	23.31	5331	5558			gpos	75
10	q	23.32	5558	5672			gneg
10	q	23.33	5672	5887			gpos	50
10	q	24.1	5887	5973			gneg
10	q	24.2	5973	6131			gpos	50
10	q	24.31	6131	6202			gneg
10	q	24.32	6202	6317			gpos	25
10	q	24.33	6317	6374			gneg
10	q	25.1	6374	6646			gpos	100
10	q	25.2	6646	6761			gneg
10	q	25.3	6761	6890			gpos	75
10	q	26.11	6890	7090			gneg
10	q	26.12	7090	7219			gpos	50
10	q	26.13	7219	7506			gneg
10	q	26.2	7506	7721			gpos	50
10	q	26.3	7721	8050			gneg

References

• Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10 . Nature . 2004 . 375–81 . 429 . 6990 . 15164054 . 10.1038/nature02462. 2004Natur.429..375D . free .
• Deloukas P, French L, Meitinger T, Moschonas NK . Report of the third international workshop on human chromosome 10 mapping and sequencing 1999 . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 2000 . 1–12 . 90 . 1–2 . 11060438 . 10.1159/000015653. 28931509 .
• Gilbert F . Chromosome 10 . Genet Test . 2001 . 69–82 . 5 . 1 . 11336406 . 10.1089/109065701750168824.

External links

• Web site: National Institutes of Health . Chromosome 10 . Genetics Home Reference . 2017-05-06 . 2010-04-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100408062150/http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome=10 . dead .
• Web site: Chromosome 10. Human Genome Project Information Archive 1990–2003. 2017-05-06.

Notes and References

1. Book: Tom Strachan. Andrew Read. Human Molecular Genetics. 2 April 2010. Garland Science. 978-1-136-84407-2. 45.
2. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
3. Pertea M, Salzberg SL. Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes. . Genome Biol . 2010 . 11 . 5 . 206 . 20441615 . 10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206 . 2898077 . free .
4. Web site: Search results - 10[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . CCDS Release 20 for Homo sapiens . 2016-09-08 . 2017-05-28.
5. Web site: Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 10 . HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee . 2017-05-12 . 2017-05-19 . 2017-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170629093739/http://www.genenames.org/cgi-bin/statistics?c=10 . dead .
6. Web site: Chromosome 10: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens . Ensembl Release 88 . 2017-03-29 . 2017-05-19.
7. Web site: Human chromosome 10: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM . UniProt . 2018-02-28 . 2018-03-16.
8. Web site: Search results - 10[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . 2017-05-19 . 2017-05-20.
9. Web site: Search results - 10[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND (("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . 2017-05-19 . 2017-05-20.
10. Web site: Search results - 10[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . 2017-05-19 . 2017-05-20.
11. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
12. "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
13. For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
14. These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
15. gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.