Chromosome 11 Explained

Length Bp:135,127,769 bp
(CHM13)
Genes:1,224 (CCDS)
Type:Autosome
Centromere Position:Submetacentric[1]
(53.4 Mbp[2])
Chr:11
Ensembl Id:11
Entrez Id:11
Ncbi Id:11
Ucsc Id:11
Refseq Id:NC_000011
Genbank Id:CM000673

Chromosome 11 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 11 spans about 135 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. The shorter arm (p arm) is termed 11p while the longer arm (q arm) is 11q. At about 21.5 genes per megabase, chromosome 11 is one of the most gene-rich, and disease-rich, chromosomes in the human genome.

More than 40% of the 856 olfactory receptor genes in the human genome are located in 28 single-gene and multi-gene clusters along the chromosome.

Gene

Number of genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 11. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[3]

Estimated byProtein-coding genesNon-coding RNA genesPseudogenesSourceRelease date
1,224 — —[4] 2016-09-08
HGNC1,262 271 666[5] 2017-05-12
1,301 1,060 811[6] 2017-03-29
1,327 — —[7] 2018-02-28
1,314 860 839[8] [9] [10] 2017-05-19

Gene list

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 11. For complete list, see the links in the infobox on the right.

Diseases and disorders

The following diseases and disorders are some of those related to genes on chromosome 11:

Cytogenetic band

G-bands of human chromosome 11 in resolution 850 bphs[12] ! Chr.! Arm[13] ! Band[14] ! ISCN
start[15] ! ISCN
stop! Basepair
start! Basepair
stop! Stain[16] ! Density
11 p15.5 0 230 gneg
11 p15.4 230 461 gpos 50
11 p15.3 461 745 gneg
11 p15.2 745 935 gpos 50
11 p15.1 935 1246 gneg
11 p14.3 1246 1490 gpos 100
11 p14.2 1490 1545 gneg
11 p14.1 1545 1775 gpos 75
11 p13 1775 2114 gneg
11 p12 2114 2357 gpos 100
11 p11.2 2357 2655 gneg
11 p11.12 2655 2872 gpos 75
11 p11.11 2872 3035 acen
11 q11 3035 3197 acen
11 q12.1 3197 3414 gpos 75
11 q12.2 3414 3550 gneg
11 q12.3 3550 3685 gpos 25
11 q13.1 3685 4037 gneg
11 q13.2 4037 4186 gpos 25
11 q13.3 4186 4512 gneg
11 q13.4 4512 4688 gpos 50
11 q13.5 4688 4877 gneg
11 q14.1 4877 5148 gpos 100
11 q14.2 5148 5257 gneg
11 q14.3 5257 5474 gpos 100
11 q21 5474 5690 gneg
11 q22.1 5690 5934 gpos 100
11 q22.2 5934 6070 gneg
11 q22.3 6070 6300 gpos 100
11 q23.1 6300 6503 gneg
11 q23.2 6503 6693 gpos 50
11 q23.3 6693 7167 gneg
11 q24.1 7167 7316 gpos 50
11 q24.2 7316 7533 gneg
11 q24.3 7533 7695 gpos 50
11 q25 7695 7980 gneg

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Tom Strachan. Andrew Read. Human Molecular Genetics. 2 April 2010. Garland Science. 978-1-136-84407-2. 45.
  2. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  3. Pertea M, Salzberg SL. Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes. . Genome Biol . 2010 . 11 . 5 . 206 . 20441615 . 10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206 . 2898077 . free .
  4. Web site: Search results - 11[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . CCDS Release 20 for Homo sapiens . 2016-09-08 . 2017-05-28.
  5. Web site: Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 11 . HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee . 2017-05-12 . 2017-05-19.
  6. Web site: Chromosome 11: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens . Ensembl Release 88 . 2017-03-29 . 2017-05-19.
  7. Web site: Human chromosome 11: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM . UniProt . 2018-02-28 . 2018-03-16.
  8. Web site: Search results - 11[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . 2017-05-19 . 2017-05-20.
  9. Web site: Search results - 11[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND (("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . 2017-05-19 . 2017-05-20.
  10. Web site: Search results - 11[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene . NCBI . 2017-05-19 . 2017-05-20.
  11. Web site: Human Genome Project Information Site Has Been Updated . 2009-01-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120710095813/http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/hbb.shtml . 2012-07-10 . dead .
  12. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  13. "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
  14. For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
  15. These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
  16. gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.

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