Chicken parmesan explained

Chicken parmesan
Alternate Name:Chicken parmigiana
Country:United States
Main Ingredient:Chicken breast, tomato sauce, mozzarella, Parmesan

Chicken parmesan or chicken parmigiana (Italian: pollo alla parmigiana) is a dish that consists of breaded chicken breast covered in tomato sauce and mozzarella, Parmesan, or provolone.[1] Ham or bacon is sometimes added.[2] [3]

The dish originated in the Italian diaspora in the United States during the early 20th century.[1] [4] [5] [6] It has been speculated that the dish is based on a combination of the Italian parmigiana di melanzane, a dish using fried eggplant slices and tomato sauce, with a cotoletta, a breaded veal cutlet generally served without sauce or cheese in Italy.[6]

Chicken parmesan is included as the base of a number of different meals, including sandwiches[7] and pies.[8] [9]

History

North America

The dish, also known as "chicken parm", originated in the northeast United States from Italian immigrants, and became a popular staple in restaurants serving Italian-American cuisine by the 1950s.[4] [10] [11] [12] Home versions also grew in popularity. A recipe was published in the 1953 issue of the New York Herald Tribune that used frozen fried chicken patties or fillets along with other processed foods to make a version of the dish at home.[13] A recipe for chicken parmesan was published in The New York Times in 1962.[14]

In the United States and Canada, chicken parmesan is often served as a main course, and sometimes with a side of, or on top of pasta. Many restaurants also offer chicken parm sandwiches.[15] Upon arriving in America, Italian immigrants began to take advantage of America's affordable meat market, incorporating chicken into parmigiana.[4] [16]

Australia

Chicken parmigiana was known in Australia by the 1950s, and is often called parma, parmi or parmy in modern Australian parlance; its name varies from region to region.[17] [18] It was offered in restaurants in Adelaide as early as 1953.[19] It is regularly served as a main meal throughout Australia, where it is considered a staple of pub food.[20] [21] [22] [23] In a 2019 interview that was broadcast on ABC Radio Hobart, food historian Jan O'Connell believes that chicken parmigiana did not become a pub staple until the 1980s; before that time, it was primarily served in restaurants.[24] [25]

Chicken parmigiana is typically served in Australia with a side of chips and salad, although there is some dispute as to whether the chips should be served under or next to the chicken.[26] Its popularity has led to a specialized chicken parmigiana restaurant opening in Melbourne, and chicken parmigiana is the subject of reviews on dedicated websites which compare the dish as purchased from various pubs within a region.[27] [28] [29]

Asian fusion cooking

In fusion cuisine, chicken parmesan has been modified to suit Asian taste preferences by the addition of a small amount of soy sauce (as a salt substitute) to the tomato-based sauce[30] [31] and sometimes served with a side of rice or stir-fried noodles. This dish is sometimes marketed in English-speaking areas as chicken katsu parmesan.[32] [33] Sometimes, the soy sauce is added instead to the egg wash for the chicken.[34]

Similar dishes

Italy

Aside from melanzane alla parmigiana, a dish using breaded eggplant slices instead of chicken, there are other similar dishes in Italy that use meat.

Carne pizzaiola is a dish derived from the Neapolitan tradition that features meat topped with cheese and often cooked with tomatoes, olive oil, garlic, and white wine. Beef is used most often but it can be made with chicken and pork as well.[35]

A similar dish using veal is known in Italian as cotoletta alla bolognese, which excludes tomato sauce but includes melted Parmesan cheese and prosciutto.[36] Costolette alla parmigiana is another similar veal dish, but in Italy it is generally served without sauce or cheese.[6]

United Kingdom

In England, parmo is a dish originating in Middlesbrough that typically consists of fried breaded chicken or pork topped with a white béchamel sauce and cheese instead of tomato sauce. Parmo originated as escalope parmesan, a derivative of chicken parmigiana.[37]

Hungary

In Hungary, a chicken or pork cutlet breaded with a mix of flour and shredded potatoes, and topped with garlic sour cream and cheese is called mátrai borzaska or borzas for short;[38] [39] if the topping is cheese and mushrooms, it is referred to as óvári .[40]

Argentina

In Argentina, a variation of milanesa a la napolitana is made with chicken instead of the usual beef, similar to chicken parmigiana.[41] It is sometimes topped with ham, bacon, or a fried egg and is usually served with french fries.[42] [43] [44]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 20 'Italian' Dishes Italians Don't Really Eat. msn.com. June 9, 2019. March 24, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190327184157/https://www.msn.com/en-ca/lifestyle/food/foodnews/20-italian-dishes-italians-don%E2%80%99t-really-eat/ss-AAypRz4#image=5. March 27, 2019. dead.
  2. News: Debate over a pub favourite . October 13, 2012 . . Dubbo, New South Wales . 10 . .
  3. News: To ham or not to ham when ordering a chicken parma . . Ballarat, Victoria . September 11, 2013 . Tom . Cowie . Grace . Bibby . amp.
  4. News: Clark. Melissa. January 30, 2015. Parmigiana Dishes to Warm Weary Souls. The New York Times. November 17, 2016. Veal and chicken parmigiana, along with their cousins meatball, sausage and shrimp, are more recent adaptations, created by Italian immigrants in America who could afford to use meat in place of the vegetables they relied on in the Old Country..
  5. Web site: Can't Find a Favorite Italian Dish in Rome? Here's Why. . revealedrome.com . February 8, 2011 . November 2, 2015 . Amanda . Ruggeri.
  6. Web site: Fake Accent . Margot . Kaminski . . October 12, 2006 . November 1, 2015.
  7. News: Subway Buys Role on 'Will & Grace' . September 30, 2005 . . New York . B4 . subscription . . .
  8. News: Parma pies on menu for Patties . February 18, 2012 . . Hobart, Tasmania . 31 . . WHAT do you get if you take the humble meat pie and the Italian chicken parmigiana and mash them together?. Link via EBSCO
  9. News: Patties pins hopes on "parma" pie . . February 17, 2012 . Genevieve . Gannon.
  10. Web site: Menu from Tony's Italian Kitchen . Tony's Italian Kitchen . 1955 . . New York Public Library. June 17, 2019.
  11. Web site: Menu from Mamma Leone's . Mamma Leone's . 1958 . . New York Public Library. March 7, 2016.
  12. Web site: Menu from Ristorante Giannino . Ristorante Giannino . . August 23, 1956 . . . Dieter Zander Collection.
  13. News: Advances in Frozen Foods Are Taking Load Off Stoves: New Louis L. Libby Line of Precooked Items Shows How Home Chefs Can Cut Labors . . February 4, 1953 . 12 . Cannon . Poppy . Chicken Parmigiano–Generally this method is reserved for a breaded cutlet of veal, but it's amazing how good and unusual a dish you achieve by arranging heated quick-frozen southern fried chicken on the serving dish. Top each piece with a thin slice of cheese. The Italians would use Mozzarella; Muenster is good too, and so is mild American. A sprinkle of grated Parmesan over the top adds tang. Place under a broiler or in the oven till the cheese melts and then pour around a tomato sauce made by heating Hunt's tomato sauce with one clove garlic finely crushed, one-half bay leaf, one teaspoon olive oil, one-fourth to one-half teaspoon basil, oregano or marjoram. Simmer eight to ten minutes. . .
  14. New Menus Are Offered Home Cook," (September 6, 1962). The New York Times p.33, in "Chicken Parm", The Food Timeline, retrieved November 12, 2015.
  15. Web site: America's Best Chicken Parm Sandwiches . . June 13, 2013 . May 14, 2014 . .
  16. Web site: The Surprising Origins of 8 Italian-American Dishes. Thrillist. July 15, 2015. Huffington Post. en-US. October 26, 2017.
  17. Web site: 2022-07-23 . Is it chicken parmi or parma? Aussie dictionary update reignites the enduring food naming debate . 2023-10-15 . Good Food . en.
  18. Web site: Dabelstein . Joshua . February 8, 2018 . The Great Australian Debate: Is It Chicken Parmi, Parmy or Parma? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190410114039/https://newmatilda.com/2018/02/08/great-australian-debate-chicken-parmi-parmy-parma/ . 10 April 2019 . April 18, 2019 . New Matilda.
  19. News: I Say . . 43 . 2,164 . South Australia . November 28, 1953 . March 24, 2019 . 55 . National Library of Australia . They ask for steak and eggs, but change to Chicken Parmigiana when the waiter explains that it's chicken cooked in light wine and served with grated cheese.
  20. News: Watson . Callie . August 14, 2010 . Changing tastes mean humble schnitzel now... More than just pub grub . 43 . . Adelaide . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111016005350/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/humble-schnitzel-now-more-than-just-pub-grub/story-e6frea83-1225905074698 . 16 October 2011.
  21. News: Turner . Shaun . April 7, 2015 . Parmi-geddon: the five best (and worst) parmigianas in Perth . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164245/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/your-perth/parmigeddon-the-five-best-and-worst-parmigianas-in-perth-20150501-1mfx1q.html . 24 September 2015.
  22. News: Chicken Parmi... Best in Tassie Challenge! . Think Tasmania . August 14, 2013 . Tania . Horne . August 1, 2015 . June 7, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140607043635/http://www.think-tasmania.com/chicken-parmi-best-in-tassie-challenge/ . dead .
  23. News: Bochenski . Natalie . April 16, 2015 . Brisbane man Stephen Humphreys' quest to find the city's best Parmigiana . . live . August 24, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170905035409/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/brisbane-man-stephen-humphreys-quest-to-find-the-citys-best-parmigiana-20150416-1mmpcl.html . 5 September 2017.
  24. News: Burgess . Georgie . 5 July 2019 . It's a pub staple across Australia, but how did the chicken parmigiana end up on the menu? . . live . 25 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190705003535/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-07-05/where-the-chicken-parmigiana-come-from/11277414 . 5 July 2019.
  25. Web site: O'Connell . Jan . September 24, 1980 . 1980 Chicken Parmigiana on the menu . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190226074151/https://australianfoodtimeline.com.au/1980-chicken-parmigiana-on-the-menu/ . 26 February 2019 . Australian food history timeline.
  26. News: Cincotta . Liz . May 22, 2007 . Good parma . 14 . . Melbourne, Victoria . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151117060256/http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?sy=age&docID=AGE0705221B4SP2VT8EO . 17 November 2015.
  27. News: Levin . Darren . August 7, 2004 . Keeping abreast of the Parma best . A2.2 . . Melbourne, Victoria . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180930014704/https://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/keeping-abreast-of-the-parma-best-20040807-gdye76.html . 30 September 2018.
  28. News: Fair . Alex . 18 July 2012 . A group of Launceston friends are using their love of the good old chicken parmigianas to help boost the city's restaurant industry . 7 . . Launceston, Tasmania . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150121084549/https://www.examiner.com.au/story/158503/challenge-on-to-find-perfect-parmi/ . 21 January 2015.
  29. News: Sinclair . Corey . May 6, 2015 . Territory patriots review chicken parmigianas with hilarious results . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150814130435/http://www.ntnews.com.au/news/only-in-the-territory/territory-patriots-review-chicken-parmigianas-with-hilarious-results/story-fnk2tg5d-1227338609077 . 14 August 2015.
  30. Web site: Parmesan Crusted Chicken . June 1, 2020 . KP . Kwan . Taste of Asian Food.
  31. Marion's Best Chicken Parmigiana (video) . Marion's Kitchen . Marion . Grasby . Marion Grasby . September 6, 2020 . https://www.marionskitchen.com/amp/marions-best-chicken-parmigiana/ . Accompanying written recipe and descriptions.
  32. News: Recipe: How to make Japanese katsu-style chicken Parmesan (with audio) . . W. Tanner . Kirk . April 3, 2021.
  33. Web site: VIDEO: Resep Chicken Katsu Parmesan dengan Saus Marinara, Endes Gila! . IDN Times . 14 Mar 2019 . ID . VIDEO: Chicken Katsu Parmesan Recipe with Marinara Sauce, Crazy Ends!.
  34. Chicken Parmigiana (Katsu Style) - Cooking with Calin 2K . https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/RDFa49VMLWQ. 2021-12-12 . live. July 13, 2020 . YouTube.
  35. Web site: Carne Alla Pizzaiola . Accademia Italiana della Cucina . it . . April 14, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170414162529/http://www.accademiaitalianacucina.it/it/content/carne-alla-pizzaiola . April 14, 2017 . dead .
  36. Web site: Cotoletta alla bolognese. accademiaitalianadellacucina.it. it.
  37. Web site: Teesside's fast food sensation . May 14, 2014 . BBC Inside Out North East . November 6, 2007 . .
  38. Web site: Az igazi mátrai borzaska receptje. Kancsár. Péter. October 11, 2013. www.femina.hu.
  39. Web site: Így készül az eredeti mátrai borzaska: megunhatatlan régi kedvenc. Botos. Claudia. August 14, 2022. sobors.hu.
  40. Web site: Klasszikus óvári sertésszelet. January 27, 2018.
  41. News: Milanesas de pollo a la napolitana light . . es . . . May 17, 2014 . May 17, 2014 . https://archive.today/20140517032639/http://www.foxlife.tv/recetas/2103-milanesas-de-pollo-a-la-napolitana-light.html . dead .
  42. News: Milanesa napolitana . . Buenos Aires, Argentina . May 11, 2012 . Marcelo . Pisarro . es . May 18, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140517140858/http://weblogs.clarin.com/revistaenie-nerdsallstar/2012/05/11/milanesa_napolitana/ . May 17, 2014 . dead .
  43. News: Milanesa a la napolitana . April 25, 2013 . El Reporte . Montevideo, Uruguay . es . .
  44. News: El origen de la milanesa . . Asunción, Paraguay . April 13, 2013 . es . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151454/http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/gastronomia/el-origen-de-la-milanesa-557404.html . May 17, 2014 .

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