Cathepsin L2 Explained

Cathepsin L2 (also known as cathepsin V or cathepsin U) is a protein encoded in humans by the CTSV gene.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

The protein is a human cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal cysteine protease with endopeptidase activity.

The protein is a member of the papain-like protease family (MEROPS family C1), a lysosomal cysteine protease with endopeptidase activity. It may play an important role in corneal physiology. This gene is expressed in colorectal and breast carcinomas but not in normal colon, mammary gland, or peritumoral tissues, suggesting a possible role for this gene in tumor processes.

Clinical significance

Cathepsin L2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus.^[5]

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C01.009

Further reading

• Santamaría I, Velasco G, Cazorla M . Cathepsin L2, a novel human cysteine proteinase produced by breast and colorectal carcinomas. . Cancer Res. . 58 . 8 . 1624–30 . 1998 . 9563472 . etal.
• Adachi W, Kawamoto S, Ohno I . Isolation and characterization of human cathepsin V: a major proteinase in corneal epithelium. . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. . 39 . 10 . 1789–96 . 1998 . 9727401 . etal.
• Brömme D, Li Z, Barnes M, Mehler E . Human cathepsin V functional expression, tissue distribution, electrostatic surface potential, enzymatic characterization, and chromosomal localization. . Biochemistry . 38 . 8 . 2377–85 . 1999 . 10029531 . 10.1021/bi982175f .
• Itoh R, Kawamoto S, Adachi W . Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human cathepsin L2 gene. . DNA Res. . 6 . 2 . 137–40 . 1999 . 10382972 . 10.1093/dnares/6.2.137 . etal. free .
• Somoza JR, Zhan H, Bowman KK . Crystal structure of human cathepsin V. . Biochemistry . 39 . 41 . 12543–51 . 2000 . 11027133 . 10.1021/bi000951p . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241. 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Bernard D, Méhul B, Thomas-Collignon A . Analysis of proteins with caseinolytic activity in a human stratum corneum extract revealed a yet unidentified cysteine protease and identified the so-called "stratum corneum thiol protease" as cathepsin l2. . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 120 . 4 . 592–600 . 2003 . 12648222 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12086.x . etal. free .
• Tolosa E, Li W, Yasuda Y . Cathepsin V is involved in the degradation of invariant chain in human thymus and is overexpressed in myasthenia gravis. . J. Clin. Invest. . 112 . 4 . 517–26 . 2003 . 12925692 . 10.1172/JCI18028 . 171390. etal.
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E . The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. . Genome Res. . 13 . 10 . 2265–70 . 2003 . 12975309 . 10.1101/gr.1293003 . 403697. etal.
• Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR . DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. . Nature . 429 . 6990 . 369–74 . 2004 . 15164053 . 10.1038/nature02465 . 2734081. 2004Natur.429..369H . etal.
• Yasuda Y, Li Z, Greenbaum D . Cathepsin V, a novel and potent elastolytic activity expressed in activated macrophages. . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 35 . 36761–70 . 2004 . 15192101 . 10.1074/jbc.M403986200 . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928. etal.
• Hagemann S, Günther T, Dennemärker J . The human cysteine protease cathepsin V can compensate for murine cathepsin L in mouse epidermis and hair follicles. . Eur. J. Cell Biol. . 83 . 11–12 . 775–80 . 2005 . 15679121 . 10.1078/0171-9335-00404 . etal.
• Cheng T, Hitomi K, van Vlijmen-Willems IM . Cystatin M/E is a high affinity inhibitor of cathepsin V and cathepsin L by a reactive site that is distinct from the legumain-binding site. A novel clue for the role of cystatin M/E in epidermal cornification. . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 23 . 15893–9 . 2006 . 16565075 . 10.1074/jbc.M600694200 . etal. free . 2066/50224 . free .
• Burden RE, Snoddy P, Jefferies CA . Inhibition of cathepsin L-like proteases by cathepsin V propeptide. . Biol. Chem. . 388 . 5 . 541–5 . 2007 . 17516850 . 10.1515/BC.2007.053 . 6680659 . etal.
• Viken MK, Sollid HD, Joner G . Polymorphisms in the cathepsin L2 (CTSL2) gene show association with type 1 diabetes and early-onset myasthenia gravis. . Hum. Immunol. . 68 . 9 . 748–55 . 2007 . 17869649 . 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.05.009 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: CTSL2 cathepsin L2.
2. Brömme D, Li Z, Barnes M, Mehler E . Human cathepsin V functional expression, tissue distribution, electrostatic surface potential, enzymatic characterization, and chromosomal localization . Biochemistry . 38 . 8 . 2377–85 . February 1999 . 10029531 . 10.1021/bi982175f .
3. Adachi W, Kawamoto S, Ohno I, Nishida K, Kinoshita S, Matsubara K, Okubo K . Isolation and characterization of human cathepsin V: a major proteinase in corneal epithelium . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science . 39 . 10 . 1789–96 . September 1998 . 9727401 .
4. Santamaría I, Velasco G, Cazorla M, Fueyo A, Campo E, López-Otín C . Cathepsin L2, a novel human cysteine proteinase produced by breast and colorectal carcinomas . Cancer Research . 58 . 8 . 1624–30 . April 1998 . 9563472 .
5. Kenney MC, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Tran A, Carballo M, Saghizadeh M, Vasiliou V, Adachi W, Brown DJ . 2005 . Increased levels of catalase and cathepsin V/L2 but decreased TIMP-1 in keratoconus corneas: evidence that oxidative stress plays a role in this disorder . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. . 46 . 3. 823–832 . 10.1167/iovs.04-0549 . 15728537 .