Cathepsin H Explained

Cathepsin H is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSH gene.^{[1] [2]}

The protein encoded by this gene is a cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal cysteine protease important in the overall degradation of lysosomal proteins. It is composed of a dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. The encoded protein, which belongs to the peptidase C1 protein family, can act both as an aminopeptidase and as an endopeptidase. Increased expression of this gene has been correlated with malignant progression of prostate tumors. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[2]

Further reading

• Sawicki G, Warwas M . Cathepsin H from human placenta. . Acta Biochim. Pol. . 36 . 3–4 . 343–51 . 1990 . 2486008 .
• Fuchs R, Gassen HG . Nucleotide sequence of human preprocathepsin H, a lysosomal cysteine proteinase. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 17 . 22 . 9471 . 1990 . 2587265 . 10.1093/nar/17.22.9471 . 335148.
• Chernaia VI, Reva AD . [Cathepsin H activity in the human brain and human brain neoplasms] . Ukr. Biokhim. Zh. . 61 . 5 . 47–50 . 1990 . 2588347 .
• Ritonja A, Popović T, Kotnik M . Amino acid sequences of the human kidney cathepsins H and L. . FEBS Lett. . 228 . 2 . 341–5 . 1988 . 3342889 . 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80028-0 . etal. free .
• Järvinen M, Rinne A . Human spleen cysteineproteinase inhibitor. Purification, fractionation into isoelectric variants and some properties of the variants. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 708 . 2 . 210–7 . 1983 . 6184075 . 10.1016/0167-4838(82)90222-9 .
• Kato S, Sekine S, Oh SW . Construction of a human full-length cDNA bank. . Gene . 150 . 2 . 243–50 . 1995 . 7821789 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90433-2 . etal.
• Baumgrass R, Williamson MK, Price PA . Identification of peptide fragments generated by digestion of bovine and human osteocalcin with the lysosomal proteinases cathepsin B, D, L, H, and S. . J. Bone Miner. Res. . 12 . 3 . 447–55 . 1997 . 9076588 . 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.3.447 . free .
• Söderström M, Salminen H, Glumoff V . Cathepsin expression during skeletal development. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1446 . 1–2 . 35–46 . 1999 . 10395917 . 10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00068-8. etal.
• Jokimaa V, Oksjoki S, Kujari H . Expression patterns of cathepsins B, H, K, L and S in the human endometrium. . Mol. Hum. Reprod. . 7 . 1 . 73–8 . 2001 . 11134363 . 10.1093/molehr/7.1.73 . etal. free .
• Uusitalo H, Hiltunen A, Söderström M . Expression of cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S and matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 13 during chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral ossification in mouse fracture callus. . Calcif. Tissue Int. . 67 . 5 . 382–90 . 2001 . 11136537 . 10.1007/s002230001152 . 31004810 . etal.
• Pol E, Björk I . Role of the single cysteine residue, Cys 3, of human and bovine cystatin B (stefin B) in the inhibition of cysteine proteinases. . Protein Sci. . 10 . 9 . 1729–38 . 2001 . 11514663 . 10.1110/ps.11901 . 2253190.
• Waghray A, Keppler D, Sloane BF . Bonnie Sloane. Analysis of a truncated form of cathepsin H in human prostate tumor cells. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 13 . 11533–8 . 2002 . 11796715 . 10.1074/jbc.M109557200 . etal. free .
• Brasch F, Ten Brinke A, Johnen G . Involvement of cathepsin H in the processing of the hydrophobic surfactant-associated protein C in type II pneumocytes. . Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. . 26 . 6 . 659–70 . 2002 . 12034564 . 10.1165/ajrcmb.26.6.4744. etal.
• Bühling F, Waldburg N, Krüger S . Expression of cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S during human fetal lung development. . Dev. Dyn. . 225 . 1 . 14–21 . 2003 . 12203716 . 10.1002/dvdy.10134 . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241. 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Jenko S, Dolenc I, Guncar G . Crystal structure of Stefin A in complex with cathepsin H: N-terminal residues of inhibitors can adapt to the active sites of endo- and exopeptidases. . J. Mol. Biol. . 326 . 3 . 875–85 . 2003 . 12581647 . 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)01432-8 . etal.
• Nagai A, Terashima M, Harada T . Cathepsin B and H activities and cystatin C concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. . Clin. Chim. Acta . 329 . 1–2 . 53–60 . 2003 . 12589965 . 10.1016/S0009-8981(03)00023-8 . etal.
• Han SR, Momeni A, Strach K . Enzymatically modified LDL induces cathepsin H in human monocytes: potential relevance in early atherogenesis. . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. . 23 . 4 . 661–7 . 2004 . 12615673 . 10.1161/01.ATV.0000063614.21233.BF . etal. free .
• Dodt J, Reichwein J . Human cathepsin H: deletion of the mini-chain switches substrate specificity from aminopeptidase to endopeptidase. . Biol. Chem. . 384 . 9 . 1327–32 . 2004 . 14515996 . 10.1515/BC.2003.149 . 23726105 .

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C01.040

Notes and References

1. Fuchs R, Machleidt W, Gassen HG . Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA coding for mature human kidney cathepsin H . Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler . 369 . 6 . 469–75 . Feb 1989 . 2849458 . 10.1515/bchm3.1988.369.1.469.
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: CTSH cathepsin H.