Rhododendron catawbiense, with common names Catawba rosebay, Catawba rhododendron,[1] mountain rosebay,[1] purple ivy,[1] purple laurel,[1] purple rhododendron,[1] red laurel,[1] rosebay,[1] rosebay laurel,[1] is a species of Rhododendron native to the eastern United States, growing mainly in the southern Appalachian Mountains from West Virginia south to northern Alabama.
It is a dense, suckering shrub growing to 3m (10feet) tall, rarely 5m (16feet). The leaves are evergreen, NaNcm (-2,147,483,648inches) long and NaNcm (-2,147,483,648inches) broad. The flowers are NaNcm (-2,147,483,648inches) in diameter, violet-purple, often with small spots or streaks. The fruit is a dry capsule NaNmm long, containing numerous small seeds.
The species is named after the Catawba River.[2]
Rhododendron catawbiense belongs to the subgenus Hymenanthes, within which it is further assigned to section Ponticum and subsection Pontica. The latter—one of the 24 subsections of Ponticum—also contains about a dozen other species. The taxonomy has been confused by a tendency to group all large leaved Rhododendrons under the catch-all R. catawbiense.[3]
Rhododendron catawbiense is cultivated as an ornamental plant, popular both in North America and in parts of Europe. It is primarily grown for its spring flower display. Outside of its native range, many cultivars and hybrids have been created,[4] such as 'Purple Elegans', 'Roseus Elegans', and 'Grandiflorum'.