Buteoninae Explained
The Buteoninae are a subfamily of birds of prey which consists of medium to large, broad-winged species.
They have large, powerful, hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, and powerful talons. They also have extremely keen eyesight to enable them to spot potential prey from a distance.
This subfamily contains the buzzards (buteonine hawks) with great diversity in appearance and form and some appearing eagle-like, with at least 50 species included overall in the subfamily. At one time, several types were grouped, including large assemblages such as booted eagles, but modern studies using mitochondrial DNA clarified that this subfamily was smaller than formerly classified.[1] [2] [3]
Systematics
The subfamily Buteoninae was introduced (as "Buteonina") by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Vigors in 1825 with Buteo as the type genus.[4] [5] The subfamily includes about 79 currently recognized species.[6] Unlike the many lineages of Accipitridae which seem to have radiated out of Africa or South Asia, the Buteoninae clearly originated in the Americas based on fossil records and current species distributions (more than 75% of the extant raptors from this lineage are found in the Americas).[7] [8]
A genus level cladogram of the Buteoninae is shown below. It is based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the family Accipitridae by Therese Catanach and collaborators that was published in 2024.[9]
Genera
Tribe | Image | Genus | Species |
---|
Milvini -milvine kites and sea and fish eagles. | | Milvus |
|
---|
| Haliastur |
|
| Haliaeetus |
|
| Icthyophaga |
|
Buteonini | | Butastur |
|
---|
| Ictinia |
|
| Geranospiza |
|
| Busarellus |
|
| Rostrhamus |
|
| Helicolestes |
|
| Morphnarchus |
|
| Cryptoleucopteryx |
|
| Buteogallus |
|
| Rupornis |
|
| Parabuteo |
|
| Geranoaetus |
|
| Pseudastur |
|
| Leucopternis |
|
| Buteo | - Common buzzard, Buteo buteo
- Eastern buzzard, Buteo japonicus
- Himalayan buzzard, Buteo refectus
- Cape Verde buzzard, Buteo bannermani
- Socotra buzzard, Buteo socotraensis
- Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
- Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus
- Rough-legged buzzard, Buteo lagopus
- Ferruginous hawk, Buteo regalis
- Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus
- Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
- Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni
- Ridgway's hawk, Buteo ridgwayi
- Short-tailed hawk, Buteo brachyurus
- White-throated hawk, Buteo albigula
- Galápagos hawk, Buteo galapagoensis
- Gray-lined hawk, Buteo nitidus
- Gray hawk, Buteo plagiatus
- Zone-tailed hawk, Buteo albonotatus
- Hawaiian hawk, Buteo solitarius
- Rufous-tailed hawk, Buteo ventralis
- Mountain buzzard, Buteo oreophilus
- Forest buzzard, Buteo trizonatus
- Madagascar buzzard, Buteo brachypterus
- Upland buzzard, Buteo hemilasius
- Red-necked buzzard, Buteo auguralis
- Jackal buzzard, Buteo rufofuscus
- Augur buzzard, Buteo augur
|
|
Extinct Genera
External links
Notes and References
- Lerner, H. R., Klaver, M. C., & Mindell, D. P. (2008). Molecular phylogenetics of the Buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae). The Auk, 125(2), 304-315.
- Lerner, H. R., & Mindell, D. P. (2005). Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37(2), 327-346.
- Lerner, H., Christidis, L., Gamauf, A., Griffiths, C., Haring, E., Huddleston, C. J., Kabra, S., Kocum, A., Krosby, M., Kvaloy, K., Mindell, D., Rasmussen, P., Rov, N., Wadleigh, R., Michael Wink & Gjershaug, J. O. (2017). Phylogeny and new taxonomy of the Booted Eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquilinae). Zootaxa 4216 (4), 301-320.
- Vigors . Nicholas Aylward . Nicholas Aylward Vigors . 1825 . Sketches in ornithology ; or, observations on the leading affinities of some of the more extensive groups of birds . Zoological Journal . 2 . 368–405 [393] .
- Book: Bock, Walter J. . Walter Joseph Bock . 1994 . History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . 222 . American Museum of Natural History . New York . 172, 264 . 2246/830 .
- Web site: Gill . Frank . Frank Gill (ornithologist) . Donsker . David . Rasmussen . Pamela . Pamela C. Rasmussen . December 2023 . Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors . IOC World Bird List Version 14.1 . International Ornithologists' Union . 3 April 2024 .
- Brodkorb, P. (1964). Catalogue of fossil birds: Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes). University of Florida.
- Lerner, H. R.. Klaver, M. C.. Mindell, D. P.. amp. Molecular phylogenetics of the Buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae). The Auk. 125. 2. 304–315. 10.1525/auk.2008.06161. 2008. 2019-02-28. 2021-08-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20210831200424/http://www.globalraptors.org/grin/researchers/uploads/203/lerner_etal_2008_auk.pdf. dead.
- Catanach . T.A. . Halley . M.R. . Pirro . S. . 2024 . Enigmas no longer: using ultraconserved elements to place several unusual hawk taxa and address the non-monophyly of the genus Accipiter (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society . blae028 . 10.1093/biolinnean/blae028.