Bromopyruvic acid explained

Bromopyruvic acid is the organic compound with the formula BrCH₂COCO₂H. This colorless solid is the brominated derivative of pyruvic acid. It bears structural similarity to lactic acid and pyruvic acid. It has been investigated as a metabolic poison and an anticancer agent.^[1] Like other α-bromoketones, it is a strong alkylating agent.

Research

The pyruvate transporter system can be used to deliver bromopyruvate inside trypanosomal cells. Once intracellular, the primary target of 3BP is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is highly sensitive to inhibition by bromopyruvate.^[2] The pyruvate transporter system, which is known to be overexpressed in cancer cells, was later identified to be a monocarboxylate transporter called monocarboxylate transporter 1.^[3]

External links

• 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.025. The pivotal roles of mitochondria in cancer: Warburg and beyond and encouraging prospects for effective therapies. 2010. Mathupala. Saroj P.. Ko. Young H.. Pedersen. Peter L.. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics. 1797. 6–7. 1225–1230. 2890051. 20381449.
• 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.11.006. Hexokinase-2 bound to mitochondria: Cancer's stygian link to the "Warburg effect" and a pivotal target for effective therapy. 2009. Mathupala. Saroj P.. Ko. Young H.. Pedersen. Peter L.. Seminars in Cancer Biology. 19. 17–24. 19101634. 1. 2714668.
• 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.047. Advanced cancers: Eradication in all cases using 3-bromopyruvate therapy to deplete ATP. 2004. Ko. Young H.. Smith. Barbara L.. Wang. Yuchuan. Pomper. Martin G.. Rini. David A.. Torbenson. Michael S.. Hullihen. Joanne. Pedersen. Peter L.. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 324. 269–75. 15465013. 1.
• 10.1038/sj.onc.1209603. Hexokinase II: Cancer's double-edged sword acting as both facilitator and gatekeeper of malignancy when bound to mitochondria. 2006. Mathupala. S P. Ko. Y H. Pedersen. P L. Oncogene. 25. 34. 4777–86. 16892090. 3385868.
• The cancer cell's "power plants" as promising therapeutic targets: An overview, by Peter Pederson

Notes and References

1. 3-Bromopyruvate (3BP) A Fast Acting, Promising, Powerful, Specific, and Effective "Small Molecule" Anti-Cancer Agent Taken from Labside to Bedside: Introduction to a Special Issue. Peter L. Pedersen. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr.. 2012. 44. 1. 1–6. 10.1007/s10863-012-9425-4. 22382780. 43773994 .
2. Glucose catabolism in African trypanosomes. Evidence that the terminal step is catalyzed by a pyruvate transporter capable of facilitating uptake of toxic analogs. JP. Barnard. B. Reynafarje. PL. Pedersen. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268. 1993. 3654–3661. 8429041. 5. 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53743-1. free.
3. Liu. Zhe. Sun. Yiming. Hong. Haiyu. Zhao. Surong. Zou. Xue. Ma. Renqiang. Jiang. Chenchen. Wang. Zhiwei. Li. Huabin. 2015-08-15. 3-bromopyruvate enhanced daunorubicin-induced cytotoxicity involved in monocarboxylate transporter 1 in breast cancer cells. American Journal of Cancer Research. 5. 9. 2673–2685. 2156-6976. 4633897. 26609475.