Stenopodidea Explained

The Stenopodidea or boxer shrimps are a small group of decapod crustaceans. Often confused with Caridea shrimp or Dendrobranchiata prawns, they are neither, belonging to their own group.

Anatomy

They can be differentiated from the Dendrobranchiata prawns by their lack of branching gills, and by the fact that they brood their eggs instead of directly releasing them into the water. They differ from the Caridea shrimp by their greatly enlarged third pair of legs.^[1]

Taxonomy

Stenopodidea belongs to the order Decapoda, and is most closely related to the Caridea and Procarididea infraorders of shrimp. The cladogram below shows Stenopodidea's relationships to other relatives within Decapoda, from analysis by Wolfe et al., 2019.^[2]

There are 71 extant species currently recognized within Stenopodidea, divided into 12 genera.^[3] Three fossil species are also recognized, each belonging to a separate genus.^[4] The earliest fossil assigned to the Stenopodidea is Devonostenopus pennsylvaniensis from the Devonian.^[5] Until D. pennsylvaniensis was discovered, the oldest known member of the group was Jilinicaris chinensis from the Late Cretaceous.^[6]

The cladogram below shows Stenopodidea's internal relationships:^[2]

Stenopodidea comprises the following families and genera:

• Macromaxillocarididae Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006
  • Macromaxillocaris Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006
• Spongicolidae Schram, 1986
  • Engystenopus Alcock & Anderson, 1894
  • Globospongicola Komai & Saito, 2006
  • Jilinicaris † Schram, Shen, Vonk & Taylor, 2000
  • Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860
  • Paraspongicola De Saint Laurent & Cléva, 1981
  • Spongicola De Haan, 1844
  • Spongicoloides Hansen, 1908
  • Spongiocaris Bruce & Baba, 1973
• Stenopodidae Claus, 1872
  • Devonostenopus † Jones et al., 2014
  • Juxtastenopus Goy, 2010
  • Odontozona Holthuis, 1946
  • Phoenice † Garassino, 2001
  • Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881
  • Stenopus Latreille, 1819

Notes and References

1. Book: Raymond T. Bauer . 2004 . Remarkable Shrimps: Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans . 7 . Animal Natural History Series . . 978-0-8061-3555-7 . What is a caridean shrimp? . 3–14 . https://books.google.com/books?id=b8YHIsnod3EC&pg=PA3.
2. Wolfe . Joanna M. . Breinholt . Jesse W. . Crandall . Keith A. . Lemmon . Alan R. . Lemmon . Emily Moriarty . Timm . Laura E. . Siddall . Mark E. . Bracken-Grissom . Heather D. . A phylogenomic framework, evolutionary timeline and genomic resources for comparative studies of decapod crustaceans . Proceedings of the Royal Society B . 24 April 2019 . 286 . 1901 . 10.1098/rspb.2019.0079 . 6501934 . 31014217 . free .
3. S. De Grave . C. H. J. M. Fransen . amp . 2011 . Carideorum Catalogus: the Recent species of the dendrobranchiate, stenopodidean, procarididean and caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) . . 85 . 9 . 195–589, figs. 1–59 . 978-90-6519-200-4 . dead . https://archive.today/20121220093841/http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/85/nr02/a01 . 2012-12-20 .
4. . 2009 . Suppl. 21 . 1–109 . A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans . Sammy De Grave . N. Dean Pentcheff . Shane T. Ahyong . etal.
5. Wade T. Jones. Rodney M. Feldmann. Carrie E. Schweitzer. Frederick R. Schram. Rose-Anna Behr. Kristen L. Hand. amp . 2014 . The first Paleozoic stenopodidean from the Huntley Mountain Formation (Devonian–Carboniferous), north-central Pennsylvania . Journal of Paleontology . 88 . 6 . 1251–1256 . 10.1666/13-059 .
6. 10.1163/156854000504183 . The first fossil stenopodidean . Frederick R. Shram . Shen Yanbin . Ronald Vonk . Rodney S. Taylor . amp . . 73 . 2 . 2000 . 235–242.