Borders of India explained

The Republic of India shares borders with several sovereign countries; it shares land borders with China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.[1] Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Pakistan share both land borders as well as maritime borders, while Sri Lanka shares only a maritime border through Ram Setu. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.

Land borders of India

See also: List of disputed territories of India, Indian subcontinent, Greater India, Indosphere and Look East policy (India).

India shares land borders with six sovereign nations. The state's Ministry of Home Affairs also recognizes a 106km (66miles) land border with a seventh nation, Afghanistan, as part of its claim on the Kashmir region; however, this is disputed and the region bordering Afghanistan has been administered by Pakistan as part of Gilgit-Baltistan since 1947 (see Durand Line).[2]

Land Border CountryDisputedata-sort-type="number" Length (Km) and (mi)ForceComments
N 4096km (2,545miles)Most of the India–Bangladesh enclaves exchanged in 2015. See Bangladesh Liberation War and Bangladesh–India relations.
BhutanN 578km (359miles)[3] Sashastra Seema BalOpen border. See Bhutan–India relations.
Y 3488km (2,167miles)Also see Ardagh–Johnson Line, Macartney–MacDonald Line, McMahon Line, Sino-Indian border dispute and China–India relations.
N 1643km (1,021miles) See India-Myanmar relations.
Y 1752km (1,089miles)[4] Open border. See Kalapani territory, Susta territory and India-Nepal relations.
PakistanY 3310km (2,060miles) Also see Radcliffe Line, Line of Control, Actual Ground Position Line and Sir Creek. See Partition of India, Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts and India-Pakistan relations.
Afghanistan (claimed, disputed)Y106 kilometres (66 mi)see Durand Line

Maritime borders of India

See also: Exclusive economic zone of India.

Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of a 12NM territorial maritime zone and 200NM exclusive economic zone, has a more than 7000km (4,000miles) maritime border shared with seven nations.

Maritime Border Countrydata-sort-type="number" Length (km) and (mi)ForceComments
New Moore Island in Bay of Bengal
Indira Point in Andaman Sea
Landfall Island in Andaman Sea
Sir Creek in Arabian Sea
Indian NavySimilan Islands in Andaman Sea
>400km (200miles)[5] Katchatheevu in Palk Strait
1009km (627miles) Maliku Kandu in Laccadive Sea

Border ceremonies

India co-hosts the joint ceremonies with the neighbouring nations at the following border crossings. The most attended and emotionally charged among these is the one at Wagha-Attari Border near Amritsar-Lahore.

India-Pakistan border

At the following border crossing sites the beating retreat flag ceremonies are jointly held by the military of both nations every day at 6 pm, which are open to the public as tourist attractions.[6] [7] No special permit or ticket is needed. From north to south, the ceremony sites are as follows:

India-China border

India and China have five Border Personnel Meeting point (BPM points) where they hold the flag meeting to discuss the military matters as well as the ceremonial BPMs for cultural exchange to improve bilateral relations by celebrating New Year's Day (January 1),[11] India's Republic Day (January 26), Harvest Festival (April 14),[12] PLA Day (May 15) and Indian Independence Day (August 15).[13] These meetings include the playing of each country's national anthem and saluting of their respective flags, and ceremonial addresses by representative of both armies.[12] On Indian side only Indian citizens are allowed to visit only 2 passes out of these several BPM passes/sites, Bum La Pass and Nathu La, only on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays, only after obtaining Inner Line Permit (ILP) one day in advance.[14]

These BPM passes and border posts where these meetings are held, from west to east, are as follows:-

India-Bangladesh border

Benapole–Petrapole border ceremony, a similar but much friendlier ceremony than the Indo-Pakistani Attari-Wagah ceremony, is held daily jointly by India's Border Security Force and Border Guards Bangladesh at India-Bangladesh border from 4.30 to 5 pm. It is open to civilians without any ticket or special permit.[16] [17] The Benapole–Petrapole joint retreat ceremony results in lowering of national flags of India and Bangladesh.[18]

Designated crossings with ICP & LCS

The map of ICP and LCS.

Integrated Check Posts (ICP)

India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of border ICP to 14, at the cost of (c. June 2024). Designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP), with both customs and immigration facilities are:[19]

India–Bangladesh border

India–Bhutan border

India–Myanmar border

India–Nepal border

India–Pakistan border

See also: Transport between India and Pakistan.

Land Customs Stations (LCS)

India–Bangladesh border

Designated Land Customs Stations (LCS) are (no immigration facilities):[31]

India–Pakistan border

Border bazaars and haats

See also: India-Bangladesh Border Haat.

This proposed list of border bazaars and haats is in varying stages of implementation, as suggested by State Governments to the Ministry of External Affairs for setting up Border Haats.[19]

India–Bangladesh

India–Bangladesh border Haat areas are as follows:

India-Bhutan

India-Bhutan Border Haat on India-Bhutan border are in operation.

India–Myanmar

India–Myanmar border Haats are.[35] [36]

In popular media

Pradeep Damodaran's book Borderlands: Travels Across India's Boundaries chronicles all land borders of India.[37] The Bollywood director J. P. Dutta has specialised in making Hindi movies with India's border as a key element of the theme, his movies are Border, Refugee, , Paltan, etc.[38]

See also

India related
General
Lists

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Neighbouring Countries of India 2020: Map, Capitals, Connected States. www.careerpower.in.
  2. Web site: India Department of Border Management Intro .
  3. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ssb-to-strengthen-presence-on-india-bhutan-border/articleshow/62181663.cms SSB to strengthen presence on India-Bhutan border
  4. News: doklam: SSB to strengthen presence on India-Bhutan border | India News - Times of India. The Times of India. 20 December 2017 .
  5. Web site: Fishing rights disputes between India and Sri Lanka . 2017-12-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051835/https://www.iasgs.com/2017/03/fishing-rights-disputes-india-sri-lanka/ . 2017-12-22 . dead .
  6. https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/indo-pak-border-839044-2016-10-10 5 crossing points in India: All you need to know
  7. https://changing-guard.com/changing-guard-worldwide/wagah-india.html Beating Retreat Wagah India
  8. https://fazilka.nic.in/tourist-place/sadqi-retreat-ceremony/ Sadqi retreat ceremony
  9. https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/punjab-sadiqi-border-in-fazilka-will-be-another-wagah/story-seJrYctRLdv5jI3KdHBuzJ.html Second Wagah: India, Pak agree to new ceremony, beating retreat on Punjab border
  10. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/at-sadiqi-border-strained-indo-pak-ties-dampen-spirits-818449 At Sadiqi border, strained Indo-Pak ties dampen spirits
  11. Web site: Indian, Chinese armies decide to improve ties at functional level. News18. 2 January 2016 . September 14, 2017.
  12. News: Yusuf. Jameel. India, China officials meet on Ladakh border, pledge to maintain LAC sanctity. November 24, 2017. Deccn Chronicle. April 14, 2016.
  13. Web site: Bonhomie, friendship between Indian and Chinese border personnel at Nathu La. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044429/http://www.sify.com/news/bonhomie-friendship-between-indian-and-chinese-border-personnel-at-nathu-la-news-national-mipr4qjgajesi.html. dead. December 1, 2017. Sify. November 24, 2017.
  14. Web site: Ecodestination of India-Sikkim Chapter . 1 December 2006 . Envis Team . 4 June 2006 . Eco-destinations of India . The Environmental Information System (ENVIS), Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India . 45 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070619234731/http://www.scstsenvis.nic.in/Sikkim%20chapter.pdf . 19 June 2007 .
  15. News: G. Vinayak. Nathu La: closed for review. The Rediff Special. Rediff.com. 28 July 2004. 26 November 2006. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20060222225540/http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jul/28spec2.htm. 22 February 2006. dmy-all.
  16. Web site: Retreat Ceremony at Indo–Bangladesh Border. PIB. Press Information Bureau. 9 April 2016. Press Release.
  17. Book: Kumar . Satish . 14 July 2015 . India's National Security: Annual Review 2014 . Routledge India . 512 . 978-1138927438.
  18. News: PETRAPOLE SET TO HAVE A SPECTACULAR RETREAT CEREMONY. 9 April 2016. PRESS RELEASE. BORDER SECURITY FORCE. https://web.archive.org/web/20140722022001/http://bsf.nic.in/doc/press/pr69.pdf. 22 July 2014. dead.
  19. Web site: Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region, North East India. mdoner.gov.in.
  20. https://web.archive.org/web/20171227121858/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170125/jsp/northeast/story_132223.jsp Dawki ICP foundation stone laid
  21. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/india-opens-two-border-crossing-points-with-myanmar-bangladesh/article9883216.ece India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh
  22. http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2014/06/12/107-million-world-bank-project-to-connect-mizoram-with-bangladesh-and-myanmar-via-roads $107 Million World Bank Project to Connect Mizoram with Bangladesh and Myanmar via Roads
  23. Web site: India plans to construct 7 integrated check posts on the border with Bangladesh. October 18, 2017. Dhaka Tribune.
  24. http://indianexpress.com/article/india/centre-plans-13-new-integrated-check-posts-to-encourage-engagement-with-neighbours-4895820/
  25. https://nenow.in/north-east-news/delhi-approves-sutarkandi-integrated-check-post-along-indo-bangla-border.html Delhi approves Sutarkandi integrated check post along Indo-Bangla border
  26. https://www.google.com.sg/search?client=firefox-b&dcr=0&ei=lWJCWr3sLcrJvgS0ory4CA&q=zorinpui+lawngtlai+&oq=zorinpui+lawngtlai+&gs_l=psy-ab.3...5050.12763.0.13049.20.20.0.0.0.0.285.2665.0j13j2.15.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..5.10.1914...0j0i67k1j0i131k1j0i10k1j0i13k1.0.d3bPEkKCEM4 India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh
  27. Web site: 12th Five Year Plan. 2019-06-11. 2013-06-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20130619051607/http://tradeandcommerce.mizoram.gov.in/page/12th-five-year-plan.html. dead.
  28. http://www.powerupconstruction.com/indias-north-east-opensthe-gateway-to-prosperity/ India's northeast opened up
  29. Web site: सीतामढ़ी के भिठ्ठामोड़ में भारत-नेपाल सीमा के नो-मेंस लैंड पर बनेगा इंटीग्रेटेड चेकपोस्ट. 2021-01-17. Hindustan. hindi.
  30. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indo-nepal-and-indo-bhutan-border-to-have-more-integrated-check-posts/articleshow/52964568.cms Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan border to have more ICP
  31. http://www.mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo2_content/Look%20East%20Policy/RIS%20Border%20Trade%20Report%20-%20final.pdf ICP and LCS
  32. Web site: Tripura opens new land customs station along Bangladesh border. bdnews24.com.
  33. Web site: India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh. @businessline. October 2017 .
  34. https://megindustry.gov.in/borderhaat.html Meghalaya border haats
  35. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/closer-economic-ties-with-neighbours-vital/article27060646.ece Closer economic ties with neighbours vital
  36. http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1485 Border haats of India
  37. https://scroll.in/article/830499/what-will-you-see-if-you-visit-the-precise-point-where-india-ends-and-sri-lanka-begins What will you see if you visit the precise point where India ends and Sri Lanka begins?
  38. Adrian M. Athique, 2010, A Line in the Sand: The India–Pakistan Border in the Films of J.P. Dutta, Centre for Critical and Cultural Studies, University of Queensland, Pages 472-499.

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