The border of the European Union consists of the land borders that member states of the EU share with non-EU states adjacent to the union. The EU shares land borders with 21 countries and 3 dependencies.
The lengths of the borders the European Union and the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) share with different countries and territories are listed below. Maritime borders are not included.
| Country / Dependency | Length[1] | Member states | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| (U.K.) | 156km (97miles) | Cyprus | Open border |
 Albania | 212km (132miles) | Greece | |
 Andorra | 118km (73miles) | Spain and France | Open border |
 Belarus | 1176km (731miles) | Latvia, Lithuania and Poland | |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 956km (594miles) | Croatia | |
 Brazil | 649km (403miles) | France | The border is located in French Guiana |
 Gibraltar (U.K.) | 1.2km (00.7miles) | Spain | |
 Liechtenstein | 34km (21miles) | Austria | Open border through Schengen |
 Morocco | 18.5km (11.5miles) | Spain | The border is located in Ceuta and Melilla |
| 683km (424miles) | Romania | ||
 Monaco | 6km (04miles) | France | Open border |
 Montenegro | 19km (12miles) | Croatia | |
| 396km (246miles) | Bulgaria and Greece | ||
 Norway | 2375km (1,476miles) | Finland and Sweden | Open border through Schengen |
| 2435km (1,513miles) | Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland | ||
 San Marino | 37km (23miles) | Italy | Open border |
 Serbia | 1353km (841miles) | Bulgaria, Hungary, Croatia and Romania | |
| (Kingdom of the Netherlands) | 16km (10miles) | France | Open border; located in Saint Martin |
 Suriname | 556km (345miles) | France | The border is located in French Guiana |
 Switzerland | 1729km (1,074miles) | Germany, Austria, France and Italy | Open border through Schengen |
 Turkey | 415km (258miles) | Bulgaria and Greece | |
 Ukraine | 1324km (823miles) | Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia | |
 United Kingdom | 499km (310miles) | Ireland and France | Open border with Ireland through the Common Travel Area |
| 3.5km (02.2miles) | Italy | Open border | |
| Country / Dependency | Length | OCTs | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 Canada | 1280m (4,200feet) | Greenland (Kingdom of Denmark) | Located in Hans island |
| (Australia) | N/A | French Southern and Antarctic Lands (France) | Located in Antarctica. Most countries do not recognize Antarctic territorial claims |
| (U.K.) | |||
| (Norway) | |||
| (New Zealand) | |||
| (Argentina) | |||
| (Chile) |
The northern part of Cyprus is legally part of the EU, but law is suspended due to it being under the control of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a self-proclaimed de facto state which is recognized only by Turkey. The two entities are separated by the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus, which serves as a de facto boundary between them.
In 2004 the European Union developed the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) for the promotion of cooperation between the EU and its neighbours to the east and south of the European territory of the EU (i.e., excluding its outermost regions outside of Europe),[2] which, in part, includes the Cross-Border Cooperation programme aimed at the promotion of economic development in border areas and ensuring border security.[3]
The Border and Coast Guard Agency, more commonly known as Frontex, was established in 2004. Its main task is external border control of the Schengen Area. Most of its activities are coordinated with the coast and border guards of member states.