Blue toe syndrome explained

Blue toe syndrome is a situation that may reflect atherothrombotic microembolism, causing transient focal ischaemia, occasionally with minor apparent tissue loss, but without diffuse forefoot ischemia.^[1] The development of blue or violaceous toes can also occur with trauma, cold-induced injury, disorders producing generalized cyanosis, decreased arterial flow, impaired venous outflow, and abnormal circulating blood.^{[2] [3] [4] [5]} The terms "blue toe syndrome", "grey toe syndrome" and "purple toe syndrome" are sometimes used interchangeably.^[6]

Studies may include echocardiography, thoracic and abdominal CT or MRI,^{[7] [8] [9] [10]} peripheral arterial run off imaging studies, hypercoagulopathy labs, and interrogation of syndromes that lead to peripheral vascular pathology.^[11]

See also

• • Cholesterol embolism

External links

• Pictures are available on this link. 'Blue toe syndrome'

Notes and References

1. http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0741-5214/PIIS0741521497700454.pdf 'Standards for vascular reporting'
2. 10834489 . 11 . 5 . Blue toe syndrome: treatment with intra-arterial stents and review of therapies . 2000 . J Vasc Interv Radiol . 585–92 . Matchett WJ, McFarland DR, Eidt JF, Moursi MM . 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61610-8 .
3. 8889381 . 11 . 5 . Evaluation and management of cholesterol embolization and the blue toe syndrome . 1996 . Curr Opin Cardiol . 533–42 . Applebaum RM, Kronzon I . 10.1097/00001573-199609000-00013 .
4. 7963875 . 13 . 2 . Femoral artery hypoplasia and persistent sciatic artery with blue toe syndrome: a case report, histologic analysis and review of the literature . 1994 . Int Angiol . 154–9 . Sottiurai VS, Omlie W .
5. 27274647 . 10.5021/ad.2016.28.3.400 . 28 . 3 . Blue Toe Syndrome as an Early Sign of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation . 4884725 . 2016 . Ann Dermatol . 400–1 . Choi KH, Yoo J, Huh JW, Jeong YI, Kim MS, Jue MS, Park HJ .
6. Hirschmann JV, Raugi GJ . Blue (or purple) toe syndrome . J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. . 60 . 1 . 1–20; quiz 21–2 . January 2009 . 19103358 . 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.09.038 .
7. Kopani K, Liao S, Shaffer K . 2009 . The Coral Reef Aorta: Diagnosis and Treatment Following CT. . Radiol. Case Rep. . 4 . 1. 209 . 10.2484/rcr.v4i1.209 . 27843516 . 5106526 . free .
8. Belczak SQ, Sincos IR, Aun R, Costa KV, Araujo EA . Apr 2014 . Coral reef aorta, emergency surgical: case report and literature review . Einstein (Sao Paulo) . 12 . 2. 237–41 . 10.1590/s1679-45082014rc2772. 4891170 . 25003933 . free .
9. Schulte KM, Reiher L, Grabitz L, Sandmann W . Nov 2000 . Coral reef aorta: a long-term study of 21 patients . Ann Vasc Surg . 14 . 6. 626–33 . 10.1007/s100169910091 . 11128458 . 25265011 .
10. 23518854 . 10.1177/1708538113478764 . 21 . 4 . Coral reef aorta: case report and review of the literature . 2013 . Vascular . 251–9 . Policha A, Moudgill N, Eisenberg J, Rao A, DiMuzio P . 63550 .
11. Blackshear JL, Oldenburg WA, Cohen MD . Dec 1994 . Making the diagnosis when the patient has 'blue toes' . Geriatrics . 49 . 12. 37–9, 43–5 . 7982584 .