Black hornbill explained

The black hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus) is a species of bird of the hornbill family Bucerotidae. It lives in Asia in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand.

The species has a selectiveness towards the environment and resources when it comes to reproduction. It is a lowland specialist.^[1] This organism will only start breeding and nesting when there is a large supply of fruits available, and in trees of larger size. When there are limited resources available, and may curtail nesting for years when there is a low availability of fruits(4). It is the major seed disperser for Durio graveolens, a species of durian.^[2] The connection is strong enough to reflect in some of the common names for the fruit: The Kenyah and Dayak peoples call it durian anggang (lit. 'hornbill durian'),^[3] and in Malay it is called Malay: durian burong/Malay: durian burung^[4] (lit. 'durian bird'). It also has a role in seed disbursement for Vitex pinnata.^[5]

It is known to fly for hours at a time.

It is threatened by hunting and habitat loss.

Diet

It is a frugivore, eating a wide range of fruits—over 50 species. It most commonly feeds on figs and Vitex pinnata; its diet includes Sterculia cordata and Durio graveolens.

Description

The male has a yellowish bill while the female has a dark grey bill.

References

• 10.2989/00306520409485418. Breeding and nest site characteristics of the Black-casqued Hornbill Ceratogymna atrata and White-thighed Hornbill Ceratogymna cylindricus in south-central Cameroon. 2004. Stauffer. Donald J.. Smith. Thomas B.. Ostrich. 75. 3. 79–88. 2004Ostri..75...79S . 76654062.

External links

• Downloadable Audio File of the call of the Malaysian black hornbill

Notes and References

1. OKANO . TSUNEYA . 1972 . A Preliminary Observation of Orang Hutans in the Rehabilitation Station in Sepilok, Sabah . The Annual of Animal Psychology . 21 . 2 . 55–67 . 10.2502/janip1944.21.55 . 1883-6283. free .
2. Nakashima. Yoshihiro. Lagan. Peter. Kitayama. Kanehiro. A Study of Fruit–Frugivore Interactions in Two Species of Durian (Durio, Bombacaceae) in Sabah, Malaysia. Biotropica. March 2008. 40. 2. 255–258. 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00335.x. 2008Biotr..40..255N . 82212472 . English. 1744-7429. 5155811169.
3. Kostermans. André Joseph Guillaume Henri. André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans. Dilmy. A.. Van Steens. C. G. G. J.. The Genus Durio Adans. (Bombac.). Reinwardtia. December 1958. 4. 3. 91–95. 10.14203/reinwardtia.v4i3.1008. 10 November 2017. English. PDF. 2337-8824. 4142407. 31 January 2024.
4. Book: http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/598/mn114-part3.pdf . Occurrence, Distribution and Utilisation of Durian Germplasm . 2004 . 9 November 2017 . O'Gara . E. . Guest . D. I. . Hassan . N. M. . Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) . Diversity and Management of Phytophthora in Southeast Asia ACIAR Monograph No. 114 . 978-1-86320-405-7 . Drenth, A. . Guest, D. I. . 187–193 . 19 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180219153235/http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/598/mn114-part3.pdf . dead .
5. Perdhana . R D . 2023-09-01 . The role of birds diversity in increasing oil palm productivity at PT Permata Sawit Mandiri, West Kalimantan . IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science . 1243 . 1 . 012011 . 10.1088/1755-1315/1243/1/012011 . 1755-1307. free . 2023E&ES.1243a2011P .