Black-faced monarch explained
The black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) is a passerine songbird in the family Monarchidae found along the eastern seaboard of Australia, and also New Guinea (where most birds migrate to during the austral winter; May to August).[1]
Taxonomy and systematics
The black-faced monarch was originally described as Muscicapa melanopsis by Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1818 from a specimen collected in New South Wales.[2] The species is now placed in the genus Monarcha that was introduced by the naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827.[3] The specific name is from the Ancient Greek words melas "black" and ops "face".[4] English naturalist William Swainson described it in 1823 as Muscipeta carinata, or "keel-billed flycatcher",[5] unaware of Vieillot's earlier description.[4] In his 1848 work The Birds of Australia, John Gould called it Monarcha carinata "Carinated flycatcher".[6]
Australian amateur ornithologist Gregory Mathews described a paler specimen from Cape York as a distinct subspecies pallidus,[7] though this was not recognised subsequently.
"Black-faced monarch" has been designated as the official common name for the species by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).[8] Alternate names include the "black-faced flycatcher", "carinated flycatcher", "grey-winged monarch" (particularly in New Guinea to distinguish from black-winged monarch), "grey-winged monarch flycatcher" and "pearly-winged monarch".[4]
The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[8] Within the genus, it is most closely related to the black-winged monarch (Monarcha frater).[9]
Description
The black-faced monarch is grey, with rufous underparts and mature birds have a black patch on the face.
Distribution and habitat
The preferred habitat is rainforest and wet forest.
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: Black-faced Monarch – eBird . 2022-08-09 . ebird.org . en.
- Book: Vieillot, Louis Pierre . Louis Pierre Vieillot . 1818 . Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. . 21 . Paris . Deterville . 450 . fr .
- Vigors . Nicholas Aylward . Nicholas Aylward Vigors . Horsfield . Thomas . Thomas Horsfield . 1827 . Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities . Transactions of the Linnean Society of London . 15 . 1 . en, la. 170–334 [254–255] . 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x . The title page is dated 1826.
- Book: Gray. Jeannie. Fraser. Ian. Australian Bird Names: A Complete Guide. 2013. Csiro Publishing. Collingwood, Victoria . 978-0-643-10471-6. 248–249.
- Book: Swainson . W. . William John Swainson . 1823 . Zoological Illustrations; or Original Figures and Descriptions of new, rare, or interesting Animals, selected chiefly from the classes of Ornithology, Entomology, and Conchology, and arranged on the principles of Cuvier and other modern zoologists . 3 . Baldwin, Cradock & Joy . London . 147 .
- Book: Gould . John . John Gould . The Birds of Australia . 2 . 95 . 1848 . Printed by R. and J. E. Taylor; pub. by the author . London.
- Mathews . Gregory M. . Gregory Mathews . List of additions of new sub-species to, and changes in, my "List of the Birds of Australia" . Austral Avian Records . 1916 . 3 . 3 . 53–68 [60] .
- Web site: Gill . Frank . Frank Gill (ornithologist) . Donsker . David . 2019 . Monarchs . World Bird List Version 9.2 . International Ornithologists' Union . 10 October 2019.
- Andersen . M.J. . Hosner . P.A. . Filardi . C.E. . Moyle . R.G. . 2015 . Phylogeny of the monarch flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly and novel relationships within a major Australo-Pacific radiation . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 83 . 118–36 . 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.010. 25463752 .
