Hematodinium perezi explained

Hematodinium perezi is a pathogenic dinoflagellate parasite that infects crustaceans, including the Blue Crab and Norway Lobster and has been observed to have a significant impact on crustacean fisheries.^[1] Infected crustaceans frequently show signs of weakness and lethargy, and often die due to stress-related handling from fishing as well as metabolic exhaustion due to reduced feeding.^[2] This parasite is known to be quite transmissible between various crustacean hosts.^[3]

H. perezi is the type species of the genus Hematodinium, and H. perezi has only recently been identified as the specific parasitic cause of Bitter Crab Disease. In the east coast of the United States, the disease is most prevalent in the autumn months when the species blooms off the Mid-Atlantic coast.^[4] Infected crabs have been observed to have mortality rates as high as 86 percent after only a few weeks, and infection is found to be more prevalent in higher salinity waters towards the mouth of the bay where Callinectes go to spawn, generally 12 PSU and up.^[5]

H. perezi demonstrates tropism for the hemolymph of crabs and diagnosis of Hematodinium infection can be made with through microscopic visualization of the parasite in prepared slides.^[6]

Further reading

• Lohan. Katrina. McDowell. Jan. Shields. Jeffrey. Reece. Kimberly. Genotypic variation in the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium perezi along the Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia. Marine Biology. February 2014. 161. 2. 261–273. 10.1007/s00227-013-2332-3. 2014MarBi.161..261P . 54079257 .
• Small. Hamish J.. Shields. Jeffrey D.. Reece. Kimberly S.. Bateman. Kelly. Stentiford. Grant D.. Morphological and molecular characterization of Hematodinium perezi (Dinophyceae: Syndiniales), a dinoflagellate parasite of the harbour crab, Liocarcinus depurator. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 2011. 59. 1. 54–66. 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2011.00592.x. 22092696. 36550547 .
• Li. Caiwen. Song. Shuqun. Liu. Yun. Chen. Tiantian. Hematodinium infections in cultured Chinese swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, in northern China. Aquaculture . 18 February 2013. 396. 59–65 . 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.02.022 . 2013Aquac.396...59L .
• Newman. Martin. Johnson. Charles. A Disease of Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) Caused by a Parasitic Dinoflagellate, Hematodinium sp. Parasitology. Jun 1975. 61. 3. 554–557. 10.2307/3279346. 3279346. 51777294 .

Notes and References

1. The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium perezi infecting mudflat crabs, Helice tientsinensis, in polyculture system in China . 31394065 . 2019 . Huang . Q. . Li . M. . Wang . F. . Li . C. . Journal of Invertebrate Pathology . 166 . 107229 . 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107229 . 199503609 .
2. https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/aah-saa/diseases-maladies/hphacb-eng.html Government of Canada-Hematodinium perezi and Hematodinium sp. of Atlantic Crabs
3. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/mb/sk/saltonstallken/perezi.htm NOAA Fisheries-The Epizootiology of Hematodinium perezi
4. Newman . Martin W. . Johnson . Charles A. . June 1975 . A Disease of Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) Caused by a Parasitic Dinoflagellate, Hematodinium sp. . . 61 . 3 . 554–7 . 10.2307/3279346 . 3279346.
5. Messick . Gretchen A. . Shields . Jeffrey D. . 14 November 2000 . Epizootiology of the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp. in the American blue crab Callinectes sapidus* . live . . 43 . 2 . 139–52 . 11145454 . 10.3354/dao043139 . 17321334 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220119170144/https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao/43/d043p139.pdf . 19 January 2022 . 2 September 2023 . free.
6. Stentiford . Grant D. . Shields . Jeffrey D. . 2005-08-09 . A review of the parasitic dinoflagellates Hematodinium species and Hematodinium-like infections in marine crustaceans . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms . 66 . 1 . 47–70 . 10.3354/dao066047 . 0177-5103 . 16175968. free .