Bile salt sulfotransferase explained

Bile salt sulfotransferase also known as hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (HST) or sulfotransferase 2A1 (ST2A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT2A1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene is primarily expressed in liver and adrenal tissues where the encoded protein sulfonates steroids and bile acids.^[1]

See also

• Steroid sulfotransferase
• Steroidogenic enzyme

Further reading

• Weinshilboum RM, Otterness DM, Aksoy IA . Sulfation and sulfotransferases 1: Sulfotransferase molecular biology: cDNAs and genes. . FASEB J. . 11 . 1 . 3–14 . 1997 . 9034160 . 10.1096/fasebj.11.1.9034160. free . 12532583 . etal.
• Glatt H, Engelke CE, Pabel U . Sulfotransferases: genetics and role in toxicology. . Toxicol. Lett. . 112-113 . 341–8 . 2000 . 10720750 . 10.1016/S0378-4274(99)00214-3 . etal.
• Glatt H, Boeing H, Engelke CE . Human cytosolic sulphotransferases: genetics, characteristics, toxicological aspects. . Mutat. Res. . 482 . 1–2 . 27–40 . 2001 . 11535246 . 10.1016/S0027-5107(01)00207-X. etal.
• Kong AN, Yang L, Ma M . Molecular cloning of the alcohol/hydroxysteroid form (hSTa) of sulfotransferase from human liver. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 187 . 1 . 448–54 . 1992 . 1520333 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81514-1 . etal.
• Comer KA, Falany CN . Immunological characterization of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase from human liver and adrenal. . Mol. Pharmacol. . 41 . 4 . 645–51 . 1992 . 1569919 .
• Otterness DM, Wieben ED, Wood TC . Human liver dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase: molecular cloning and expression of cDNA. . Mol. Pharmacol. . 41 . 5 . 865–72 . 1992 . 1588921 . etal.
• Radominska A, Comer KA, Zimniak P . Human liver steroid sulphotransferase sulphates bile acids. . Biochem. J. . 272 . 3 . 597–604 . 1991 . 2268288 . 10.1042/bj2720597. 1149750. etal.
• Forbes KJ, Hagen M, Glatt H . Human fetal adrenal hydroxysteroid sulphotransferase: cDNA cloning, stable expression in V79 cells and functional characterisation of the expressed enzyme. . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. . 112 . 1 . 53–60 . 1995 . 7589785 . 10.1016/0303-7207(95)03585-U . 39327051 . etal.
• Luu-The V, Dufort I, Paquet N . Structural characterization and expression of the human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene. . DNA Cell Biol. . 14 . 6 . 511–8 . 1995 . 7598806 . 10.1089/dna.1995.14.511. etal.
• Comer KA, Falany JL, Falany CN . Cloning and expression of human liver dehydroepiandrosterone sulphotransferase. . Biochem. J. . 289 . 1. 233–40 . 1993 . 7678732 . 10.1042/bj2890233. 1132155.
• Otterness DM, Her C, Aksoy S . Human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene: molecular cloning and structural characterization. . DNA Cell Biol. . 14 . 4 . 331–41 . 1995 . 7710689 . 10.1089/dna.1995.14.331. etal.
• Otterness DM, Mohrenweiser HW, Brandriff BF, Weinshilboum RM . Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene (STD): localization to human chromosome band 19q13.3. . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. . 70 . 1–2 . 45–7 . 1995 . 7736787 . 10.1159/000133988 .
• Falany CN, Wheeler J, Oh TS, Falany JL . Steroid sulfation by expressed human cytosolic sulfotransferases. . J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. . 48 . 4 . 369–75 . 1994 . 8142314 . 10.1016/0960-0760(94)90077-9 . 37646598 .
• Barker EV, Hume R, Hallas A, Coughtrie WH . Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase in the developing human fetus: quantitative biochemical and immunological characterization of the hepatic, renal, and adrenal enzymes. . Endocrinology . 134 . 2 . 982–9 . 1994 . 8299591 . 10.1210/endo.134.2.8299591 .
• Durocher F, Morissette J, Dufort I . Genetic linkage mapping of the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (STD) gene on the chromosome 19q13.3 region. . Genomics . 29 . 3 . 781–3 . 1996 . 8575776 . 10.1006/geno.1995.9935 . etal.
• Rubin GL, Harrold AJ, Mills JA . Regulation of sulphotransferase expression in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, by oral contraceptives and during early pregnancy. . Mol. Hum. Reprod. . 5 . 11 . 995–1002 . 1999 . 10541560 . 10.1093/molehr/5.11.995 . etal. free .
• Tashiro A, Sasano H, Nishikawa T . Expression and activity of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase in human gastric mucosa. . J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. . 72 . 3–4 . 149–54 . 2000 . 10775806 . 10.1016/S0960-0760(00)00020-0 . 44681209 . etal.
• Pedersen LC, Petrotchenko EV, Negishi M . Crystal structure of SULT2A3, human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase. . FEBS Lett. . 475 . 1 . 61–4 . 2000 . 10854859 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01479-4 . 38252369 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: SULT2A1 sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-preferring, member 1.
2. Otterness DM, Wieben ED, Wood TC, Watson WG, Madden BJ, McCormick DJ, Weinshilboum RM . Human liver dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase: molecular cloning and expression of cDNA . Mol. Pharmacol. . 41 . 5 . 865–72 . May 1992 . 1588921 .
3. Otterness DM, Mohrenweiser HW, Brandriff BF, Weinshilboum RM . Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene (STD): localization to human chromosome band 19q13.3 . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. . 70 . 1–2 . 45–7 . 1995 . 7736787 . 10.1159/000133988.